Scientific progress and new insights from current observations OceanSITES 2016: 11th Steering Committee and 8th Data Management Team Meeting, 25 - 29 April 2016, National Oceanography Centre , Southampton, United Kingdom ESTOC Scientific progress and new insights from current observations A. Cianca; PLOCAN

exhibits open ocean, oligotrophic gyre characteristics located 100 km north of Canary Islands in the Canary Current, the weak eastern boundary current of the subtropical North Atlantic gyre. 3600m water depth exhibits open ocean, oligotrophic gyre characteristics No directly influenced by the coastal upwelling Influenced by mineral deposition of atmospheric dust from the nearby Sahara - Almost same BATS latitude Comentar las características

1994 Three stages: - Starting in 1994. Four instutions, two germans and two spanish. MAIN OBJECTIVES: • to create an Eulerian long time series on an inter- and multidisciplinary basis • to investigate the long-term changes of stratification and circulation on seasonal and inter-annual time scales in the southwestern approaches to Europe • to investigate the biogeochemical cycles in this region • Provide a focus for ocean studies by European and other research groups in the Canary Islands region

EUROPEAN PROJECTS FUNDING MULTIDISCIPLINARY MOORINGS ANIMATE Atlantic network of interdisciplinary moorings and time-series for Europe 2001 to 2004 2004 to 2006 A CHANGE IN THE OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOCUS ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY MOORINGS 2008 to 2011

Integrated Observatory PLOCAN IN CHARGE OF ESTOC OBSERVATORY. THREE OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGIES: MOORING, SEASONAL SAMPLING PROGRAM AND DRIFTER LAUNCHING, DRIVER MISSIONS CROSSING ESTOC Integrated Observatory Setting up an integrated and complex observatory aiming to become part of the emerging pan-European networks Offering an extension towards the northern/ southern boundaries of interest Three components: Deep, Coastal and Extended

INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED Surface buoy and mooring PLATFORM OBSERVATION PROGRAM PARAMETERS INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED TIME RANGE Ship- based ESTOC time-series T, S, DO, Chl. a, DIN, DIP, DIS, Alcalinity, pH, total CO2, PCO2, DIC and Pigments ICCM, ULPGC, IEO and PLOCAN 1994- present (Carbon parameters from 1996 and pigments from 2008) Oceanographic cruises and process studies (CANIGO,….) T, S, DO, Chl. a, DIN, DIP, DIS, Alcalinity, pH, total CO2, PCO2, DIC, Pigments and others Diverse Variable from 1994 Surface buoy and mooring Canary Islands Sediment traps PON, POC and sinking particle flux Bremen University 1995- 1999 and 1991- 2007 Hydrography (current and transport) T, S and currents IFM Kiel 1994- 2000 Meteorology, Hydrography and biogeochemistry (ANIMATE, MERSEA, EuroSITES and FixO3) Tair, Patm., rel. Humidity, Wind sp. and Wind D, Tsw, S, DO, Chl. a, Nitrate, pH, PCO2 ICCM, IFMK, UB, NOCS, ULPGC and PLOCAN 2002 -present Drifters Canary Islands surface circulation T and current ICCM, PLOCAN and NOAA 1997- present XBT launching ESTOC section T ICCM / PLOCAN 1996- present ARGO float Canary Islands region CTD IEO 2012- present Glider CTD, DO, Chl. a, turbidity and current PLOCAN TABLE OF RESULTS AND SOME EXAMPLES OF TIME-SERIES

SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AT THE BEGINNING SEASONAL CYCLES WERE DESCRIBED IN DIFFERENT PAPERS. SINCE ESTOC WAS 10 YEARS OLD, NEW INSIGHTS APPEARED TO DESCRIBE INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY CARBON EXPORT MEASUREMENTS: PRODUCTION RATES NUTRIENT INPUT FROM THE PRINCIPAL PHYSICAL PROCESSES (10 YEARS) INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE CHLOROPHYLL AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE MAIN LOW-FREQUENCY MODES (10 YEARS)

SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS LAST PUBLICATION WHERE ESTOC PATICIPATES WITH OTHER OBSERVATORIES TO DESCRIBE THE EVOLUTION OF THE MAIN VARIABLES OF THE CARBON SYSTEM IN THE OCEAN

SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS Trends from Time Series Stations -0.71 mmol kg-1 yr-1 -0.28 mmol kg-1 yr-1 -0.37 mmol kg-1 yr-1 No change O2 Anomaly (mmol kg-1) Regional Trends (from WOD) -0.58 mmol kg-1 yr-1 -0.68 mmol kg-1 yr-1 OXYGEN DYNAMICS THROUGH THE TIME SERIES AND PRODUCTION AND REMINERALIZATION ESTIMATES BASED ON oxygen variability. RECENT PUBLICATION WHICH EXAMINE DE OXYGEN VARIABILITY AT THE NORTH ATLANTIC SUBTROPICAL UNDERWATER. CARIACO, BATS and Hydrostation “S” capture basin-scales trends in STUW O2. ESTOC does not. ~10-15% of the O2 loss since the early 80’s could be attributed to warming at the site of formation of STUW Since 1980, STUW O2 is declining at ~ 0.75 mmol kg-1 yr-1 due to lower ventilation and transport driven by shifts in North Atlantic climate

NEW INSIGHTS Seasonal pH variability in ESTOC using the sensor-lab pH sensor ACHIEVED A COMPLETE ANNUAL CYCLE USING A NEW SENSOR. COMPARISON WITH A SIMILAR PH ANNUAL CYCLE ACHIEVED AT THE E1-M3A (ANOTHER FIXO3 OBSERVATORY) OBTAINING SIMILAR PROPORTIONALITY SST AND PH RANGES AT ESTOC THAN THAT FROM THE GREECE OBSERVATORY. IN ADDITION THE DATA FROM THE SENSOR ARE EASILY HARMONIZED WITH THE HISTORICAL DATA AT ESTOC. Similar proportionality ESTOC E1-M3A 0,09 pH range 0,18 7 SST range (ºc) 14 González-Dávila, 2016

Prepared by Climate Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA, April 8, 2016 NEW INSIGHTS MAXIMA in SST anomaly 21 January 1998 was 1.23ºC 24 January 2016 was 1.24ºC THE MAXIMA IN SST ANOMALY DETECTED IN WINTER 2016 COINCIDE WITH SIMILAR VALUES FOUND DURING WINTER 1998. BOTH CORRESPONDS WITH THE LAST TWO STRONGEST EL NIÑO EVENTS. A RECENT NOAA PRESENTATION SUPPORTS THIS VARIABILITY DUE TO POSITIVE PHASE OF NAO Prepared by Climate Prediction Center, NCEP/NOAA, April 8, 2016

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