World Organization for animal health (OIE) general overview Dr. Xavier Pacholek OIE Regional Representation for the Middle East x.pacholek@oie.int World Organization for animal health (OIE) general overview Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points on Animal Welfare 6-7 April 2016, Amman, Jordan

About the OIE An intergovernmental organisation created in 1924 to prevent the spread of animal diseases throughout the world 1924 1945 2003 Creation of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) New Name: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Creation of the United Nations

OIE was initially created to fight major transboundary animal diseases History of the OIE OIE was initially created to fight major transboundary animal diseases First: Rinderpest – 1920s The worst plague, eventually eradicated: ‘Global freedom from Rinderpest’ (OIE 79th General Session, May 2011 / FAO 37th Conference, June 2011) Early 1980s Early 1990s 2001 2004

OIE Vision Improve animal health, veterinary public health, animal welfare, and consolidate the animal’s role worldwide

OIE in 2016 180 Member Countries Europe 53 Asia, the Far East and Oceania 12 29 32 54 Americas Middle-East Africa Certain countries belong to more than one region

Regional and Sub-Regional Representations offices 13 Offices under the direct authority of the Director General Collaborate closely with five Regional Commissions Gaborone

OIE Regional Representation for the Middle East OIE Regional Representative for the Middle East: Dr Ghazi Yehia Staff: Programme officers: Dr Xavier Pacholek & Dr Ali El Romeh Secretary: Miss Rita Rizk Driver: Mr. Khodr Rejeili Assistant: Mr Tony Atallah Consultant: Dr Mustafa Mestom Beirut - LEBANON Tel/Fax: +961 1 280 869 rr.mideast@oie.int www.rr-middleeast.oie.int

OIE Governance National delegates 180 OIE National Delegates Appointed by the national government Most frequently, the country’s Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) FUNCTIONS AND STATUS Responsible for negotiating international veterinary standards on behalf of his/her country Member of the World Assembly of Delegates (General Session in May) Notification to the OIE of the national animal disease situation in his/her country Official national and international status

OIE Governance National Focal Points Aquatic Animals Communication Wildlife Animal welfare Animal disease notification Animal production food safety Veterinary products Veterinary Laboratories Assist the Delegate to Comment on draft standards proposed by the OIE Prepare and implement appropriate legislation Technical contact points with the OIE regional offices and headquarters (Under the authority of the Delegate) Information exchange and international networking Le Délégué de chaque Pays Membre doit nommer un point focal pour chaque thème proposé par l’OIE

OIE Governance General organisation

Highest authority of the OIE OIE Governance World Assembly of OIE Delegates Highest authority of the OIE Composed of all OIE National Delegates Once a year, in May 1 Member = 1 vote Adopts the OIE Standards published in the OIE Codes and Manuals

OIE Governance Council Members of the Council are elected for a 3 year term The current Council was elected for the period 2015-18 Represents the World Assembly of Delegates in the interval between General Sessions Examines technical and administrative items to be presented to the World Assembly of Delegates for approval: Comments on the OIE technical programme of work Approves the OIE provisional budget and its implementation

OIE Governance Director General Elected for a 5 years term by secret ballot by the World Assembly of Delegates. Manages the OIE HQs located in Paris In May 2015, Dr Monique Eloit was elected Director General She started her term on 1st January 2016

OIE Governance Regional Commissions to express specific issues Members face in the regions. Can be fully considered as regional institutions Board composed of 4 Delegates elected for a 3-year term of office by the World Assembly Regional Commission Conferences Every 2 years in one of the countries of the region Recommendations submitted to the World Assembly for approval and implementation by the Director General Meet annually during the World Assembly 5 Africa Europe Middle East Asia, Far East, Oceania Americas

OIE Governance Specialist Commissions Elected by the World Assembly of Delegates for 3 years. Their role is to use relevant scientific information to: study epidemiological issues, especially the prevention and control methods of animal diseases develop, update and propose OIE’s international standards and guidelines for adoption by the World Assembly address scientific and technical issues raised by Members, with the exception of bilateral trade problems, for which the OIE has an in-house mediation procedure should the relevant Members request it

OIE Governance Specialist Commissions Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission “Code Commission” Responsible for updating the Terrestrial Animal Health Code annually; proposes new standards for adoption by the World Assembly of Delegates. Responsible for ensuring that the Code reflects current scientific information. Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission “Aquatic Animals Commission” Compiles information on diseases of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and amphibians and recommends appropriate prevention and control methods for these diseases. Responsible for updating the Aquatic Animal Health Code and the Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals; and for proposing new standards for adoption by the World Assembly of Delegates. Assists in identifying the most appropriate strategies and measures for the following: disease surveillance disease prevention and control examining Members’ request regarding their official animal health status, for countries that wish to be included on the OIE official list of countries or zones free from certain diseases Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases “Scientific Commission” Biological Standards Commission “Laboratories Commission” Establishes or approves methods for: diagnostic of diseases of mammals, birds and bees defining quality criteria of biological products such as vaccines, used for disease control purposes Oversees production and adoption of the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Advises the Director General in supervising the global network of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres (265 worldwide in 2011).

OIE Governance Working Groups and Ad Hoc Groups World Assembly of Delegates Director General Forms Forms Permanent Working Groups Ad Hoc Groups Recommendations Punctual Regularly updates progress made in the field of ​​expertise: Prepare recommendations on specific topics: Examples: 1 2 3 Animal welfare Food safety Wildlife Tuberculosis Honey bee Diseases Foot-and-mouth disease Advise on current issues Provide recommendations Specialist Commissions

The four pillars of the OIE Improving animal health and welfare worldwide Standards of international trade of animals and animal products Transparency of the world animal disease situation Expertise Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information Solidarity between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide under the mandate given by the WTO including zoonoses animal disease prevention and control methods Capacity building tools and programmes

Pillar 1: standards Standards of international trade of animals and animal products Transparency of the world animal disease situation Expertise Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information Solidarity between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide

Pillar 1: standards OIE key publications Terrestrial Aquatic CODES Once a year Terrestrial Aquatic MANUALS OIE standards are recognised by the WTO as reference international sanitary rules (SPS Agreement) They describe how countries must deal with animal diseases, by allowing an efficient surveillance, a rapid detection, notification and response to outbreaks. The standards also deal with the quality of veterinary services, mandatory to apply a good surveillance and management of animal health in the country. The OIE is the world reference organisation for developing international standards on animal welfare Standards to improve animal health and welfare and veterinary public health

Pillar 1: standards Purpose of the OIE Codes and Manuals Recommendations for the improvement of animal health and welfare (Chapter 7, 11 articles) and veterinary public health worldwide; Obligations and Recommendations for early detection, reporting and control of pathogenic agents, including zoonotic, and Prevention of the spread of pathogens via international trade in animals and animal products, while avoiding unjustified sanitary barriers to trade.

Pillar 1: standards Critical aspects Elaboration through a science-based approach; The Codes are not “textbooks” on diseases; They are international standards to be used to evaluate and determine measures to protect animal and public health, including in the trade of animals and animal products; To be used as a basis to further elaborate national legislation and regulation; Ensure that their application is in accordance with obligations under the SPS Agreement.

Pillar 2: transparency Improving animal health and welfare worldwide Standards of international trade of animals and animal products Transparency of the world animal disease situation Expertise Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information Solidarity between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide including zoonoses

Information from the Annual reports WAHIS 180 countries on line Monitoring system semestrial reports Information from the Annual reports Early warning system Alert messages for specific epidemiological events & for emerging diseases Outbreaks notified & information for 118 OIE-listed diseases twice a year (including their presence or absence) Veterinary Services’ capabilities Vaccine production National laboratories’ capabilities Animal population figures Human cases for zoonoses And non official information tracking system

WAHIS is a great source of information Veterinarians Scientific community Countries Trade of animals and animals products Dissemination on WAHIS interface Universities Scientific associations Stakeholders Farmers, producers, etc. Research institutes

Use of WAHIS information to explain the evolution of diseases 2013-15 AT RISK? Since 1990s 1960s – 1970s 1930s – 1940s Global expansion of lumpy skin disease and the role of climate change

The third pillar of the OIE Improving animal health and welfare worldwide Standards of international trade of animals and animal products Transparency of the world animal disease situation Expertise Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information Solidarity between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide animal disease prevention and control methods

Pillar 3: expertise Improving animal health and welfare worldwide A worldwide network 180 Member Countries 301 Reference Centres 71 Partner organisations One World, One Health WORLD FUND Donor Commitments 2006 - 2018 (121.6 million €) as of 11 December 2015, excluding bank interest 13 Regional & Subregional Representations 1 Headquarters

Pillar 3: EXPERTISE OIE Reference centres OIE’s network of expertise Support veterinary scientific communities worldwide Reference Laboratories (252 Labs on 118 diseases in 2015) Collaboration Centres (49 centres on 46 topics in 2015) Disease control worldwide Continuously update the international standards of the OIE

Reference Laboratories Global Expert Centres for animal diseases Develop, perform and validate diagnostic tests Provide scientific and technical training to Members Store and distribute reference reagents Are under the responsibility of an expert of reference Organise laboratory proficiency testing of other Members’ laboratories The list of Reference Laboratories is validated by the World Assembly of Delegates annually Coordinate scientific and technical studies

Reference Laboratories Global Expert Centres for animal diseases in 2015 252 Reference Laboratories in 38 countries 118 Diseases

Collaborating Centres Global Centres of excellence on horizontal topics in 2015 49 Collaborating Centres on 46 topics in 26 countries

Pillar 3: EXPERTISE Publication MANUALS CODES Terrestrial Aquatic Terrestrial Aquatic Once a year BULLETIN 4 times a year WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL REVIEW Technical Items, Information brochures, Specialised publications Online Permanently updated 3 times a year

The four pillars of the OIE Improving animal health and welfare worldwide Standards of international trade of animals and animal products Transparency of the world animal disease situation Expertise Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information Solidarity between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide Capacity building tools and programmes

Pillar 4: SOLIDARITY PVS Pathway, Twinnings To improve animal health management worldwide There is a need to improve national policies OIE Solidarity tools: PVS Pathway Twinnings (Laboratory, Vet. Education, Vet. Statutory Body, Legislation) Capacity Building (Nat. Focal Points training seminars…)

Consult our information tools! RABIES Videos Animal disease information Summaries OIE Fact sheets Rabies African swine fever Avian influenza Peste des petits ruminants … Antimicrobial resistance Animal welfare Aquatic animals Food safety … => 27 Diseases

Editorials of the Director General Website www.oie.int Standards Press Early disease alerts Publications Editorials of the Director General Events Anniversary Website 90 years of the OIE Social Media

Thank you for your attention! Dr Xavier Pacholek Technical assistant OIE Regional Representation for the Middle East x.pacholek@oie.int