Slavery & Compromise SWBAT: Explain the failed attempts to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories.

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Presentation transcript:

Slavery & Compromise SWBAT: Explain the failed attempts to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories

Do Now The Missouri Compromise (aka Compromise of 1820) preserved sectional balance for 30 years. What were the 3 aspects of Clay’s plan in 1820? Admit Missouri as a slave state Admit Maine as a free state Prohibit slavery north of the 36°30’ line

A Dose of Arsenic …it will be as the man who swallows arsenic…Mexico will poison us. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Status of SLAVERY In New Territories 3 Conflicting Positions: Free-Soil Movement Formed in 1848 by supporters of the failed Wilmot Proviso, including members of the Whig Party & Liberty Party "free soil, free labor, & free men“ Prevent extension of slavery Advocated for free homesteads (land) too!

Status of Slavery in New Territories 3 Conflicting Positions: Southern Position Viewed restriction of slavery as a violation of constitutional right Moderates wanted to extend 36°30’ to the Pacific Ocean

Status of Slavery In New Territories 3 Conflicting Positions: Popular Sovereignty Let the people decide, NOT Congress! Those who settle a territory would vote “Squatter Sovereignty” Seal of Nebraska Territory

“Positive Good” In the midst of expansionist ideology and Manifest Destiny, John C. Calhoun gave his “Positive Good” speech to Congress in 1837. Read excerpts of the speech and complete the questions that follow with your partner.

Compromise of 1850 1850: California applied for statehood as free state Southern states feared this would upset sectional balance in Congress John C. Calhoun “Slavery follows the flag” Claimed Constitution cannot regulate slavery in the territories b/c slaves are property & Constitution cannot limit property rights Proposed dual presidency Divide executive power between North and South

Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay, supported by fellow Whig Daniel Webster & Democrat, Stephen A. Douglas The compromise contained 4 main points: California admitted to Union as a free state Slave trade, not slavery, abolished in Washington, D.C. Enforce new stringent Fugitive Slave Law Slavery in territories decided by popular vote

Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Federal government would enforce slave holders rights Individual citizens had to assist in the capturing of runaway slaves Federal commissions, not the courts, would decide cases involving fugitive slaves Solomon Northup, 12 Years A Slave

Compromise of 1850 Eric Foner on the Fugitive Slave Act According to Foner, what issue does the Fugitive Slave Act further intensify leading up to the Civil War?

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854: To further his presidential ambitions, Sen. Stephen A. Douglas (D–IL) introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act Created the new territories of Kansas and Nebraska The issue of slavery would be determined by popular sovereignty What about the Missouri Compromise? The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise

“Bleeding Kansas” Kansas held elections in 1854 & 1855 Hundreds of proslavery Missourians crossed into Kansas to cast fraudulent ballots Free-Soilers paid antislavery settlers transportation  started their own government In 1856 proslavery & abolitionist groups waged violence against one another Over 200 killed William Quantrill (proslavery) John Brown (abolitionist)

Wrap Up Why did the expansion of slavery become the most divisive political issue in the 1840s and 1850s?