Ch. 3: “Atoms and the Periodic Table”

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 3: “Atoms and the Periodic Table” Section 3.3: “Families of Elements”

Objectives Locate the alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and transition metals on the periodic table. Locate nonmetals--halogens and noble (inert) gases--on the periodic table. Locate metalloids on the periodic table. Relate an element’s chemical properties to the electron arrangement of its atoms.

Refer to the following:  Figures 3-19B pg. 86; 3-20A pg. 87; 3-21A pg. 88; 3-22A pg. 89; 3-25A pg. 91; 3-26A pg. 92; 3-27A pg. 93; and 3-28 pg. 93.

Metals Metals makeup more than 75% of the elements in the periodic table. Metals are characterized by the following physical properties. 1. They have metallic shine or luster. 2. They are usually solids at room temperature. 3. They are malleable. Malleable means that metals can be hammered, pounded, or pressed into different shapes without breaking. 4. They are ductile meaning that they can be drawn into thin sheets or wires without breaking. 5. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals Except for hydrogen, nonmetals are found on the right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals are characterized by four major physical properties. 1. They rarely have metallic luster. 2. They are usually gases at room temperature. 3. Nonmetallic solids are neither malleable nor ductile. 4. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloids The six metalloids are B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te. The properties of the metalloids have characteristics in between that of the metals and the nonmetals.