BRC Science Highlight Dynamics of gene expression during development and expansion of vegetative stem internodes of bioenergy sorghum Objective Conduct a detailed characterization of the development of vegetative sorghum stem internodes to provide a baseline of information of stem anatomy and gene expression that may be useful for improving biomass yield and composition. Approach A baseline of internode development and gene expression was collected from sorghum bioenergy genotype R.07020 plants grown in long days at low density for 60 days; four successive sub-apical internodes (Int1-4) were collected, where Int1 is nearest the apex. For microscopic studies of internode development, cross sections and longitudinal sections were obtained from the middle section of each internode; tissues were fixed, embedded, sectioned, stained, and visualized by digital imaging. For transcriptome studies, RNA-seq was performed for tissues from Int1-4; RNA-seq data was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Notes: text Title again: Text 1-2 sentence summary? Results/Impacts Microscopic and transcriptome analyses of four successive sub-apical internodes characterized the developmental progression of vegetative stem internodes from initiation through full elongation in the sorghum genotype R.07020. Transcriptome profiling indicates that dynamic variation in the levels and action of hormones GA, CK, IAA, BR, ethylene, ABA, and JA modulate gene expression and growth during internode growth and development. This study provides detailed microscopic and transcriptomic data useful for identifying genes and molecular pathways regulating internode elongation in response to various developmental and environmental signals. Kebrom, T.H., McKinley, B. & Mullet, J.E. Dynamics of gene expression during development and expansion of vegetative stem internodes of bioenergy sorghum. Biotechnology for Biofuels 10, 159 (2017) [DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0848-3]. GLBRC June 2017