TIMELINES Teaching Strategy No. 46 Presented by: Dorothy G. Santos ED 434 Spring 2014 March 8, 2014

NCSS CURRICULUM STRAND: TIME, CONTINUITY, AND CHANGE

In learning social studies…. In order to understand issues relating to continuity and change and cause and effect, students must know that events occurred and the order in which these events occurred. Understanding the chronological order of events would lead them to understanding how an event affects our lives as time goes on and on. Timelines are used in all strands of Social Studies-history, culture, politics, economics. It is a tool to assist with learning (graphic organizer)

Have you ever wondered how and where these mobile phones started and how has it changed our lives?

LIST OF EVENTS IN COMMUNICATIONS HISTORY 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson exhibit an electric telephone in Boston. 1877 - Thomas Edison patents the phonograph. 1889 - Almon Strowger patents the direct dial telephone. 1901 - Guglielmo Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland. 1920 - Radio station KDKA based in Pittsburgh began the first broadcast. 1925 - John Logie Baird transmits the first television signal. 1942 - Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil invent frequency hopping spread spectrum communication technique. 1947 - Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young of Bell Labs propose a cell-based approach which led to "cellular phones."

1958 - Chester Carlson presents the first photocopier suitable for office use. 1963 - First geosynchronous communications satellite is launched, 17 years after Arthur C. Clarke's article. 1966 - Charles Kao realizes that silica-based optical waveguides offer a practical way to transmit light via total internal reflection. 1969 - The first hosts of ARPANET, Internet's ancestor, are connected. 1971 - Erna Schneider Hoover invent a computerized switching system for telephone traffic. 1976 - The personal computer (PC) market is born. 1977 - Donald Knuth begins work on TeX. 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau build the prototype system which becames the World Wide Web at CERN.

1991 - Anders Olsson transmits solitary waves through an optical fiber with a data rate of 32 billion bits per second. 1992 - Neil Papworth sends the first SMS (or text message). 1992 - Internet2 organization is created. 1994 - Internet radio broadcasting is born. 1999 - 45% of Australians have a mobile phone. 1999 - Sirius satellite radio is introduced. 2001 - First digital cinema transmission by satellite in Europe of a feature film by Bernard Pauchon and Philippe Binant. 2003 - Apple launches the iTunes Music Store and sells one million songs in its first week.[1] 2003 - MySpace is launched. 2004 - What would become the largest social networking site in the world, Facebook is launched. 2005 - YouTube, the video sharing site is launched. 2006 - Messages are sent faster than ever via the microblogging site, Twitter.

Which would help you understand better?

Procedural Recommendations Select a lesson or unit for which chronology (sequence) is an essential element. Determine the depth pf the timeline to be constructed to encourage students to remain focused as they continuously evaluate the relevance of information gathered. Determine the time increments that will be marked in the timeline. Structure questions related to the lesson or unit objectives. Encourage the use of mixed media – include words, pictures, etc.

Application Make sure that students understand time and the passage of time. For Kindergarten students –introduce them to timelines by making a timeline of a school day This morning Today at Lunch Afternoon This Morning

Other applications 1st - 3rd grade can create a timeline of their life using words and pictures. Higher grades – may include local, national and international events on their personal timelines, with their reactions to these events.

ACTIVITY Select a card. Arrange the card into the timeline on the board.

Assessment (Performance Checklist) ELEMENT YES/NO COMMENTS Are the events accurately recorded? Is scale used accurately (e.g. 1”=5 years; 1”=1 day) throughout? Is the students able to translate events on the timeline into a narrative (oral or written)? Is there evidence that the timeline includes important events and not every event? Is the student able to explain significance for inclusion of events on the timeline?

Euler’s timeline

Evolution of Audio Entertainment and Telephony