Niches and Interactions

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Presentation transcript:

Niches and Interactions Heather Galloway

The niche of a species includes: The mode of existence of a species in an ecosystem is its ecological niche. The niche of a species includes: Habitat: where the species lives in the ecosystem. Nutrition: how the species obtains its food. Relationships: the interactions with other species in the ecosystem.

breeding sites breeding sites food shelter shelter

breeding sites food shelter

Competitive exclusion principle: Only one species can occupy a niche in an ecosystem. Competitive exclusion happens when a species in unable to occupy any part of its fundamental niche in an area, so it has no realized niche in that area. Gause’s Law http://www.ggause.com/images/gf01web.jpg

Fundamental vs. Realized Differences between the fundamental and realized niches are due to competition. Niche that a species Niche that a species could occupy actually occupies

The fundamental niche of a species is how it could potentially live, given its adaptations. The realized niche of a species is how it actually lives, due to its adaptations and competition from other species.

Interactions A situation in which two species affect each other is called an interaction. There are five classifications of interactions: Herbivory Predation Parasitism Competition Mutualism

Herbivory A primary consumer feeding on a plant or other producer. The producer’s growth affects food availability for the herbivore. http://clayruth.com/larvae1.jpg

Predation A consumer feeding on another consumer. The numbers and behaviour of the prey affect the predator. http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~jmahaffy/courses/bridges/images/mr285.jpg

Parasitism A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host and obtains food from it. The host is always harmed by the parasite. http://wildlifecontrol.info/TickStudy/PublishingImages/6.14.2007_SmithPointCountyPark_DeerEarTicks2.jpg

Competition Two species using the same resource compete if the amount of the resource used by each species reduces the amount available to the other species. http://www.picture-newsletter.com/corals/coral-22.jpg

Mutualism Mutualists are members of different species that live together in a close relationship, from which both benefit. https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2612/4025473037_9c3a771fb3.jpg

Bibliography Allott, Andrew. Biology for the IB Diploma: Standard and Higher Level. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print. "Competitive Exclusion in Ecology." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2015. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/competitive_ex clusion_principle.htm>.