The States United Olive Branch Petition: Written after Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill Appeal to the King to stop conflict Rejected by KG3 ***Most Americans in 1775 wanted to go back to salutary neglect. They did NOT want independence*** Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms: You Brits. left us with only 2 options: Unconditional submission to tyranny Resistance by force

The States United No longer just about grievances: Too many people dying, cost of this thing is going up and up British recruitments to fight Americans: Native Americans Southern slaves Hessians Enacted the “Prohibitory Act” Closed overseas trade (blockade) No concessions to Americans

The States United Common Sense – T-Paine 2nd Continental Congress: January 1776, aimed at Americans that were “on the fence” Urged Americans to break away from England Political system of England was broken 2nd Continental Congress: Urged trading with all countries but England July, 1776: Declaration of Independence

The States United Cont. Loyalists: Patriots: Those that remained loyal to England Patriots: Those that favored independence

The States United Cont. Articles of Confederation: Weak central government No executive branch Couldn’t tax…

The States United Cont. The War: Mobilizing Financing (inflation, borrow, borrow, borrow, business man’s cause=profit) Lafayette, von Stueben Advantages v. disadvantages

The States United Cont. The War: New England Bunker (Breed’s Hill), Evacuation Day, Spirit of Revolution Mid-Atlantic Brits. take NY, Trenton (DE River), Howe stays in Philly, Valley Forge Saratoga (here come the French) The South Savannah, Charles Town Nathanael Greene (King’s Mountain, Cowpens) Cornwallis…Guilford to Wilmington, to Yorktown

The Creation of State Governments Republicanism: All power comes from the people Equality for all? No Slavery still existed Women had few rights Roles change however: Active in the war “Republican Motherhood”

The Creation of State Governments State Constitutions: Governor s could not hold seats in legislatures Property requirements for voting (varied) Following MA’s example, state constitutions evolved Strong governors (elected by the people, paid a salary) Constitutional convention (meet, write, disband) Religious Toleration: Statute of Religious Freedom (led by Virginia…T. J.) Anglican Church weakens…Catholic Church strengthens Slavery: Outlawed in northern states Persisted in border and southern states Revolution exposed the tension between a commitment to liberty and a commitment to slavery

The Search For A National Government The Articles: 1777, 1781, 1789 Very strong legislative branch Feared a strong executive NY and VA gave up claims to western lands Powers under the Articles: Conduct foreign relations (conduct war) Appropriate, borrow, and issue $

The Search For A National Government Powers not given under the Articles Could not regulate trade Could not collect taxes Problems with Articles: 13 states required approval to amend the Articles Representation was = for each state

The Search For A National Government Cont. Foreign Policy Problems: Britain did not follow Treaty of Paris of 1783 just try to kick us out just try to collect restitution I’m sorry those markets are still closed Blurred lines with boundaries

The Search For A National Government Cont. Land Ordinance of 1785: Congress could survey and selling western lands 36 sections: sale from one section went towards public schools Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787: Once a territory reached 60,000 people, it could apply for statehood Slavery was banned in NW territory

The Search For A National Government Cont. Battle of Fallen Timbers: After Little Turtle (Miami OH) defeated Americans 1791 General “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeated Indians 1794 Treaty of Greenville: 1795 Treaty with Native Americans, many moved out of Ohio and Indiana territories U. S. “affirmed” that Indian lands could only be ceded by the tribes themselves

The Search For A National Government Cont. Postwar Depression: 1784 – 1787 Country is in debt – Articles can’t enforce taxation Farmers: Many were in debt, favored increasing the money supply Farmers vs. wealthy

The Search For A National Government Cont. Shays’ Rebellion: Former Rev. War vet Called for: Paper $ Tax relief Elimination of imprisonment for debt End of foreclosures Significance: SHOWED that the Articles were weak More people advocated a stronger central government MA Gov. raised force funded by wealthy…

Past Essay Topics Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783 Analyze how the ideas and experiences of the revolutionary era influenced the principles embodied in the Articles of Confederation. Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation