Reconstruction to WWI

Bourbon Triumvirate From 1870 – 1890 Three leaders led growth in business and industry and were known as the “Bourbon Triumvirate” They promoted the ideas of white supremicists.

Who were the Bourbon Triumvirate? 1. Joseph E. Brown John B. Gordon Alfred H. Colquitt

What did the Bourbon Triumvirate do? These men did not all get along. They were not “working together.” All governor or US Senator of Georgia. These three men became very powerful and dominated Georgia.

Henry Grady Editor of Atlanta Constitution newspaper Brought the International Cotton Expo to Atlanta to showcase the South’s new industry. Wanted to create a “New South” by developing industry. video

International Cotton Exposition Industrial fairs that drew attention to the state’s cotton textile industry. The fair was symbolic of Georgia’s rise from Reconstruction to a new age of prosperity!

Women’s building – Cotton Expo

Negro Building – cotton Expo

Atlanta Cotton Expo Video King Cotton March by John Philip Sousa

Tom Watson – video Led Georgia farmers (Farmer’s Alliance) and won a seat in Congress representing Georgia. He became leader of the Populist Party. He supported both races until later in his career. His greatest accomplishment was the Rural free Delivery mail system. Populism shook up GA politics until it weakened in the 1890s. He then changed his views on race and became a white supremacist. Visited Buford – see page 102 in Buford History Book.

Rebecca Latimer Felton Active in politics as her husband’s campaign manager and best known as a writer and campaigner for women’s right to vote. Temperance leader. For 24 hours she replaced Tom Watson (dead) as Senator becoming the first woman to serve as a US senator! She was a white supremacist and Thought lynching would protect White women. video

1906 Atlanta Riot Tension was mounting in GA because of a series of untrue articles about black men attacking white women and the threat of voting being taking away from black men. On September 22, an Atlanta paper reported that 4 women were assaulted by black men. That night a group of white men attacked a black man. For the next 4 days race riots broke out all over Atlanta. 10 black men and 2 white men were left dead. Video

Leo Frank Jewish New Yorker who ran a pencil factory in Marietta was accused of murdering a 13 year old girl. Frank was convicted, then kidnapped and hanged. Most evidence points to Jim Conley, the factory watchman, as the killer.

County Unit System A system that gave more power to rural counties than urban ones. It did not represent the population fairly because each county was given a unit vote. Agricultural interest in small counties had a stronger voice in the General Assembly than did the cities. US Supreme court ruled it illegal in 1962.

Chapter 19 How were rights denied to African-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial violence?

What were Jim Crow laws? These laws made it legal to have separate schools, hotels, restaurants, theaters, restrooms, waiting rooms.

Examples of Jim Crow laws. No white nurse could care for a black man. All forms of public transportation must have separate waiting areas and separate ticket windows for the race. A seven foot wall must separate the dining sections for whites and blacks in restaurants. Black men and white men cannot play pool with one another. A marriage is invalid if one of the person is of another race even until the fourth generation back. Only Malays can marry malays. Black men can not cut a white woman’s hair. White baseball teams cannot play of fields that are within 2 blocks of the other races playground for their children. All circuses must have separate ticket windows and separate section for the races at least 25 feet apart.

What was the Plessy v. Ferguson case? In 1892 a 30 year old man named Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the “Whites only” section of a train. He was 7/8 white and 1/8 black. He took the case to court saying his 13th and 14th amendment rights were violated. He lost and this case and it confirmed that it was o.k. to have separate facilities as long as the were equal. Where they equal? Video

What does disenfranchisement mean? To take away the right to vote. As the democrats rose to power they found ways to prevent blacks from voting. How – poll tax, inconvenient registration practices (planting season), racial violence, white primary and literacy tests, grandfather clause.

Chapter 20 How did Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, John and Lugenia Burns Hope, and Alonzo Herndon influence Georgia?

Booker T. Washington

Who was Booker T. Washington? He believed the equality could be achieved through vocational education. He accepted social separation & believed African Americans could advance faster through hard work than demanding equal rights. Former slave. Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama Video

W.E.B. DuBois

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois? He believed in full rights for African Americans. Encouraged African Americans to constantly speak out. Believed in education was the best way to beat prejudice. Founder of the NAACP Taught at Atlanta University.

John Hope

Who was John Hope? President of Morehouse college and Atlanta University (Clark Atlanta University). Started AU as the first U.S. college to offer graduate degrees. Helped improve life for African Americans in the South. Involved in the NAACP

Lugenia Burns Hope

Who was Lugenia Burns Hope? Wife of John Hope. Social activist and welfare worker. Found Atlanta Neighborhood Union which helped reach out to African Americans by providing a health clinic, clubs for boys and girls, job training classes, and improved living conditions.

Alonzo Herndon

Who was Alonzo Herndon? Born a slave. Became a barber. Founded Atlanta Life Insurance Company. One of the wealthiest African Americans in Atlanta. Involved in the NAACP GA stories

The Reasons for WW1 Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia after AD Franz Ferdinand was killed. Other important EU countries chose sides. U.S. became involved in 1917 for 2 reasons passenger ship Lusitania was sunk Germany offered to help Mexico attack the U.S. (Zimmerman Telegram) (Final blow)

GA’s Contributions GA provided more military training than any other state through FT McPherson, Camp Gordon, Camp Benning, and Camp Stewart. 100,000 soldiers Victory Gardens