Digestive system

Small intestine Small intestine divided in to three parts: Jejunum Duodenum Jejunum ileum

1. duodenum Start from the PYLORIC SPHINCTER 25cm length (10 inches) It is G shaped

1. duodenum It divided to 4 parts : First part >> (2 inches) the first inch is intra- peritoneum , the second inch is retro- peritoneum . Second part >>(3 inches) consist of retro- peritoneum ( simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and goblet cell) Third part >> (3 inches) consist of retro- peritoneum Fourth part >> (2 inches) one inch is intra- peritoneum and the other inch is retro- peritoneum Note >> retroperitoneum means that just part from the organ covers by peritoneum ,, but the intraperitoneum means that all the organ covers by peritoneum

duodenum The most important part of the duodenum is the second part which contains 2 opening : 1. Common bile duct >> (digestion of lipids ) connects with cystic duct from the gall bladder and with common hepatic duct from the liver This duct opens to second part of the duodenum 2. Pancreatic duct >> (digestion of protein) it is branched to two ducts main and accessory ducts

The length of Jejunum and ileum is 6m , this 6m divided in to upper 2/5 is jejunum (2.5m) and the lower 3/5 (3.5m) is ileum

2. jejunum It forms upper 2/5 (2.5m) from small intestine Red or pink in color because it is highly vascularize The majority of absorption occurs in it Wider and thicker than the ileum

3. Ileum It forms lower 3/5 (3.5m) of the small intestine Pale in color lesser vascularize Narrower and has thinner than the jejunum

Small intestine Small intestine anchor to the posterior wall of the abdomen via MESENTERY

Large intestine The beginning of large intestine is mecum >> intra-peritoneum The cecum attaches with appendix >> intra-peritoneum Appendix contains lymphatic tissue : It is long in children's and shorter in adult We called it the tonsil of the abdomen The inflammation of appendix called appendicitis

Large intestine The colon divided to 4 parts: 1. Ascending colon >> retro-peritoneum 2. Transverse colon >> intra-peritoneum 3. Descending colon >> retro-peritoneum 4. Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal Anus

Large intestine Haustra >> are sacs where the microflora of the abdomen exist and the fermentation occur in them to digest fibers The outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle in musculousa is not complete layer it appears like separated 3 band because of that we have Haustra

Large intestine In the right side between the ascending colon and transverse colon there is 90 degree angle called Hepatic flexure (right colic) because the liver is above it In the left side between the transverse colon and the descending colon there is 90 degree angle called Splenic flexure (left colic) because the spleen is above it ,, it is higher in level where the gasses collected

Accessory organs

liver Triangular in shape Located in the right side Divided to 2 lobes: The left lobe is smaller than the right lobe The FALCIFORM LIGAMENT separate these 2 lobes Functions of liver: 1. Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein 2. Detoxification and kill the microbes

liver It has 3 borders : 1.superior border 2.inferior border 3. right border

liver It has 2 surfaces : 1. Diaphragmatic surface

liver 2. Visceral surface

liver The blood that inters the liver comes from : 30% of the blood comes from hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) 70% of the blood comes from hepatic portal vein >> the blood comes from small intestine, large intestine and stomach to this vein and inters the Hilum

liver The blood with nutrient that leaves the small intestine , large intestine and stomach must be passed through the liver first , because we eat a lot of food that has bacteria or toxic substances so the liver will detoxify by macrophages and after that the blood drains in hepatic vein for inferior vena cava and then continue the blood circulation

2. Gall bladder Located in the inferior part of the liver Lined by simple columnar epithelium Its function is storage and concentrated the bile Common bile duct consist of union of cystic duct from the gall bladder and hepatic duct from the liver The bile manufactured in the liver and its function is digestion of lipids (fats)

3. Pancrease Divided to : Head >> located on the curve of the duodenum The body The tail >> close to spleen 2% of pancreas is endocrine but the majority is exocrine Pancreas produce enzymes >> pancreatic duct opens in the second part of the duodenum >> this digests the proteins

If you dream a thing more than once ; it is sure to become true Done by Marah Mahmoud If you dream a thing more than once ; it is sure to become true