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The Baltic Millennium Bridge The Sage Tyne Bridge

In this topic we will explore how settlements have developed, grown and changed. We will investigate how this affects different settlements in different ways. We will test how suitable the burgess model is for todays settlements. We will then look at the impacts internet shopping has on the high street.

Title: How has Newcastle Changed? Lesson 4 Lesson Objectives:- To gain an understanding of how settlements change in relation to Newcastle Quayside Lesson Outcomes By the end of today’s lesson students will be able to:- Understand how Newcastle Quayside became industrialised Give reasons for the decline and rise of Newcastle Quayside Read text for case study detail and work as a team

What 5 words would you use to describe the Quayside? The Baltic Millennium Bridge The Sage Tyne Bridge What 5 words would you use to describe the Quayside? Do you think it always looked like this?

By 1700s Newcastle had become one of the busiest ports in the country – mostly with coastal trading around Britain. By 1730 foreign trade grew with exports such as glass, lead and textiles. However more than 96% of all exports were of coal on its way to destinations all over the world. The city was economically dependent on coal. Robert Stevenson was an engineer who built the high level bridge in 1849 was the first dual use rail and road bridge in the world. The custom house built in 1766 collected duty (taxes) on tea, spices and rum. Behind the quayside were narrow lanes which were the poorest, most dangerous part of the city the conditions were crowded and dirty. The mouth of the Tyne was a successful salt industry at one point making 15% of Britain's total salt output. Along the west quayside many shipyards and manufacturers of chains, anchors and ropes. Newcastle quayside declined as the Tyne River Corporation failed to look after the river, as silt built up on the riverbed and vessels became grounded. Industries then moved downstream to more accessible north and south shields. In the first half of the 20th century Newcastle coal exports were vastly reduced because of cheaper coal from Poland and Germany on 1956 the last operative pit in Newcastle closed. By the 1980s Newcastle quayside consisted of decaying transit sheds and murky factories.

1)Why was Newcastle busy in the 1700s 2)What three foreign exports were there? 3)What did the city become economically dependent on? 4)What was built in 1766 5)Name three things the custom house charged duty on 6)Describe the living conditions 7)What business and industry could be found on west quayside 8)Give two reasons for the decline of Newcastle Quayside 9)Describe the quayside in 1980s

Why was Newcastle busy in the 1700s As it had a busy port/ coastal trading. What 3 foreign exports were there? Glass, lead, textiles What did the city become economically dependent on? coal What was built in 1766 Custom house Name 3 things the custom house charged duty on Tea, spices, rum Describe the living conditions Crowded and dirty What business and industry could be found on west quayside Ship building, chains, anchors, ropes Give 2 reasons for the decline of Newcastle Quayside Silt build up Cheaper coal from germany and poland Describe the quayside in 1980s decaying transit sheds and murky factories

Group rotation Split your page into four. Give each section the titles, environment, social, economic and future Your group will have 5 minutes with each learning mat - it is your responsibility to find out the details before the mat is passed on!

As you engage in imagining the future think about: What modes of transport will there be? Will we need more or less bridges? What types of jobs might there be at the Quayside? What will the buildings look like? What building materials will they use? In your forth section you are going to think about what Newcastle Quayside might look like in the future. Prediction Back in the Industrial revolution I doubt they would have thought the Quayside would look as it is today. Using the prediction key think about what might we see here in another 100 years time?

Homework For next lesson; Find out information about regeneration in Newcastle Quayside. The Sage The Baltic

RESOURCES

Unemployed - This is where a person does not have a job. Port – This I a place where goods are brought into a county or an area. (It is where everything is delivered to before being taken somewhere else. Regeneration- The renewal of an area. This usually makes it look better Redevelopment - The demolition (destruction) of old buildings and the creation of new buildings on the same site. Employer- This is someone who gives another person a job. Reuse- This is where you use something again Economical Development- This is where a place starts to change and receive more money. Export- This is a product (an item) that is transported our of a country or a place Mouth of the Tyne – The end of the river Tyne in Newcastle. Commuter- This is someone who travels to a different area to work there. E.G. Living in Leicester but travelling to Birmingham for work. Foreign Trade – This is trading (swapping) items for money with other countries. Coastal trading- This is the swapping of items for other items or money. It happens where the land (beach) meets the sea (at the coast) Key Word Sheet Grounded Vessel – This is a ship that is no longer in the sea as it is on land. Manufacture- This is the process when an item is made. Decay- when something starts to be destroyed

By 1700s Newcastle had become one of the busiest ports in the country – mostly with coastal trading around Britain. By 1730 foreign trade grew with exports such as glass, lead and textiles. However more than 96% of all exports were of coal on its way to destinations all over the world. The city was economically dependent on coal. Robert Stevenson was an engineer who built the high level bridge in 1849 was the first dual use rail and road bridge in the world. The custom house built in 1766 collected duty (taxes) on tea, spices and rum. Behind the quayside were narrow lanes which were the poorest, most dangerous part of the city the conditions were crowded and dirty. The mouth of the Tyne was a successful salt industry at one point making 15% of Britain's total salt output. Along the west quayside many shipyards and manufacturers of chains, anchors and ropes. Newcastle quayside declined as the Tyne River Corporation failed to look after the river, as silt built up on the riverbed and vessels became grounded. Industries then moved downstream to more accessible north and south shields. In the first half of the 20th century Newcastle coal exports were vastly reduced because of cheaper coal from Poland and Germany on 1956 the last operative pit in Newcastle closed. By the 1980s Newcastle quayside consisted of decaying transit sheds and murky factories.

Economic Jobs Regeneration created 6,000 jobs. In East Gateshead alone there were 900 jobs created (of which 507 had been unemployed and have now received training). The Quaysides main employer of ship building during the industrial revolution now only employs 6.7%. The sage Gateshead music venue created 500 jobs. The service sector 80% Funding The area received £145 million of lottery funding, triggering £46 million for the Baltic arts centre, £22 million for the Gateshead millennium bridge and £70 million for sage Gateshead music venue. Income The Baltic arts centre generates £5 million a year into the economy. University city 43,000 students of which 6,000 are overseas students (they pay higher fees).

Economic Jobs Making the Quayside modern created 6,000 jobs. Some of these people have been trained at work, making it easier for them to get jobs in the future. The Quaysides main job used to be ship building during the industrial revolution now it only employs 6.7%. Funding The area got £145 million of lottery funding: £46 million for the Baltic (arts centre), £22 million for the Millennium bridge £70 million for Sage (music venue). Income The Baltic arts centre makes £5 million a year. The University has 43,000 students (they pay £9,000 a year to go to university). The university 6,000 are overseas students (students from other countries have to pay even more to go).

Social New facilities: Restaurants Bars & Nightclubs Tuxedo Princess floating nightclub Hotels Of the jobs created 507 had been unemployed and have now received training. This is investment into the local people – they will be more employable in the future with training. New events: Tall ship events Junior Great North Run Baltic art centre Sage music venue The new venues, and facilities have led to an increase in tourism industry. The Quayside redeveloped the area without ignoring its past, by keeping the industrial building shell and including heritage plaques along the Quayside

Social New facilities: Restaurants Bars & Nightclubs Tuxedo Princess floating nightclub Hotels New events: Tall ship events Junior Great North Run Baltic art centre Sage music venue The new venues, and facilities have led to an increase in tourism industry. The Quayside got made better but remembered its past, by keeping the industrial buildings and putting up signs to explain the past along the Quayside

Environmental Reuse of the industrial buildings means the materials are recycled. This is better for the environment than knocking everything down and then getting new materials for building. There are 2 boats (the Sita Eater and the Cleanwater). Their job is to keep the river rubbish free. 60,000 daily commuters into Newcastle bring a lot of pollution Newcastle has taken the lead in providing electric vehicles including buses. These vehicles do not produce as much pollution.

Environmental Reusing the buildings means the materials are recycled. This is better for the environment than knocking everything down and then getting new materials for building. There are 2 boats (the Sita Eater and the Cleanwater). Their job is to keep the river rubbish free. 60,000 travel into Newcastle to work every day – this creates a lot of pollution Newcastle has electric buses. These do not make as much pollution.