Modeling and Control of Heat Networks with Storage: the Single-Producer Multiple-Consumer Case T. W. Scholten, C. De Persis, P. Tesi 01/2015 Introduction Controller In heat networks, energy storage is a viable approach to balance demand and supply. In such networks, a heat carrier is used in the form of water, where heat is injected and extracted through heat exchangers. The network can transport heated water and store it in a storage tank to shift loads in time. Heat injection Flow rates Output regulation theory Flow producer Exo-system Plant Controller Output Asymptotic convergence District heating Causes plant to be time varying Fixed flow consumers Heat injection through heat exchanger Volume deviation Storage with stratified water tank Existence is proven Simulations Thermocline with steep temperature gradient Time varying Demand Heat extraction through heat exchangers Increased demand Store to 900 𝑚 3 Drain to 100 𝑚 3 Control problem Control goal Let volume 𝑉 𝑠 ℎ and temperature 𝑇 𝑠 ℎ converge to specified setpoints 𝑉 𝑠 ℎ ∗ and 𝑇 𝑠 ℎ ∗ Keep hot layer at 90 degrees Control input Flow rates 𝑞 & Heat injection 𝑃 𝑝 Low heat injection due to drainage Demand Unknown, Time varying, Generated by an exo-system Conclusions A model for a district heating system is derived and a controller regulating the flows and temperature is designed. It is proven that the volume converges exponentially fast to the desired volume and the temperature error converges asymptotically to zero. The proposed controller is therefore able to regulate the energy level to the desired energy level despite time varying demand. Furthermore the existence of such a controller is also proven. In a future investigation we would like to extend this setup to multiple producers, multiple storage devices with different operating temperatures. References Skogestad, S. (2009). Chemical and energy process engineering. CRC press Boca Raton. Isidori, A. et al. (2003). Robust autonomous guidance: an internal model approach. Springer. De Persis, C. et al. (2014). Output Regulation of Large-Scale Hydraulic Networks. Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on. Hangos, K. et al. (2004). Analysis and control of nonlinear process systems. Springer.