USH Ch 2 The New Republic The Declaration of Independence Explain to the world why we are rebelling The Constitution Our framework for government Bill of Rights First ten amendments
First President George Washington (1789-1797) Served two terms America’s “father figure” Warned against: Political parties and sectionalism Becoming entangled in European politics
Second President / Third President John Adams (1797 – 1801) Unpopular Avoids potential war with France Thomas Jefferson (1801 – 1809) Wanted limited government Louisiana Purchase
Fourth President James Madison (1809 – 1817) War of 1812 U.S. v England Fought primarily around Great Lakes region Ends in a tie
The Growth of a Nation Fifth President: James Monroe (1817 – 1825) “Era of Good Feelings” “Economic Nationalism” Strengthen American financial system Protect manufacturers Improve transportation system
Judicial Nationalism Judicial Branch (The Supreme Court) becomes very active John Marshall: U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice McCullough v Maryland If State and Federal government laws conflict, Federal law wins Gibbons v Ogden Control of interstate commerce (trade between states) was in the hands of the federal government
The Monroe Doctrine 1823 Europe: stay out of North, Central, and South America
A Growing Nation Transportation Revolution The National Road The steamboat Railroads
A Growing Nation Industrialization The Industrial Revolution Began in England middle 1700s Spread to U.S. Begins in Northeast Why it succeeded: Independence “free enterprise” system Low taxes Creation of interchangeable parts
A Growing Nation Immigration 5 million between 1815 – 1860 Many were farmers Many moved to cities, provided cheap labor
The Resurgence of Sectionalism The Missouri Compromise Missouri applies for statehood Should it be a Slave or Free state? Should slavery expand westward? Compromise: Admit Maine as Free State Admit Missouri as Slave State
Sixth and Seventh Presidents John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) Andrew Jackson (1829 – 1837) Nullification Crisis Indian removal
The Nullification Crisis South Carolina threatens to secede (leave) the Union Why? Over taxes imposed by the federal government
Native American Removal Native Removal Act (1830) Settled many tribes west of Mississippi River
Eighth President Martin Van Buren (1837 – 1841) “Trail of Tears economic crisis Panic of 1837
Social Reform The Second Great Awakening Religious revival The ideas of The Enlightenment were challenging religion Society is reformed through each individual “temperance” Moderation of consumption of alcohol
The Women’s Movement Women and men are equal Women provide moral examples Seneca Falls Declaration Equal opportunity in education Suffrage (vote)
The Abolition Movement End slavery American Colonization Society Re-settle slaves in Africa
Manifest Destiny The nation was meant to spread to the Pacific Mexican-American War U.S. takes Southwest
Tension “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” Book opened many eyes to reality of slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act Any new states in West would decide slavery issue with “popular sovereignty” People would decide on their own “Bleeding Kansas” Free and slave state citizens go to new state of Kansas Dred Scott v Sandford African-Americans cannot sue in court, they are not citizens
Ch 2 Essential Questions What steps did the U.S. take to establish a stable and lasting national government? How did Nationalism affect the development of the U.S.? How did the Missouri Compromise try to deal with growing sectionalism? Why did westward expansion make sectional tensions worse?