Plenary This PowerPoint file contains the Plenary for this chapter in Biology For You. Most of these slides are paired with a corresponding slide in the PowerPoint of the Learning Objectives for this chapter. As well as using the relevant slide to test your students and to evaluate how well they have understood each section of work, you may also find the slides useful for a quick revision course. Chapter 7

Homeostasis The body controls internal conditions by 1…………….. The body 2………….. of the body is kept steady at 37 oC The skin is involved in this process by 3…………….. and 4……………... The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the 5…………….. and 6…………….. Blood water level and 7….. are controlled by the 8…………….. Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the 9……………... Ch7

Homeostasis The body controls internal conditions by homeostasis The body temperature of the body is kept steady at 37 oC The skin is involved in this process by sweating and vasodilation The level of glucose in the blood is kept steady by the pancreas and liver Blood water level and pH are controlled by the kidneys Carbon dioxide level in the blood is controlled by the lungs. Ch7

Control of blood sugar level food glucose falls glucose rises glucose insulin glycogen normal blood glucose level normal blood glucose level glycogen glucagon glucose glucose rises glucose falls exercise Ch7

Control of body temperature The body temperature of humans is 1……… oC. Body too warm? Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by 2………….. and 3………………… Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through 4 …………………. . Body too cold? 5…………………………….. , less heat loss. Sweat glands stop. Shivering, 6………………… contract to generate heat. Ch7

Control of body temperature The body temperature of humans is 37 oC. Body too warm? Vasodilation allows more blood through the skin so more heat is lost by radiation and convection. Sweat glands release sweat to lose heat through evaporation. Body too cold? Vasoconstriction: less heat loss. Sweat glands stop. Shivering: muscles contract to generate heat. Ch7

Vasoconstriction Vasodilation 1 dilate 2 more blood flows in capillaries 3 radiation 4 evaporation 5 constrict 6 less blood flows in capillaries Ch7

Excretion Excretion is the removal of 1………. from our cells. Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the 2…………. The sweat glands release 3………….. in the sweat. The liver: excretes waste in 4…………… makes urea from spare 5…………. ……………. The kidneys remove 6……………., spare water and spare salt 7…………….. from the blood. Ch7

Excretion Excretion is the removal of waste from our cells. Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood. The sweat glands release urea in the sweat. The liver: excretes waste in bile makes urea from excess amino acids. The kidneys remove urea, excess water and spare salt ions from the blood. Ch7

The kidney Blood containing………and oxygen. Blood containing ……… urea and less oxygen. Urine trickles to the bladder. Urine contains urea, excess water and excess ………. Small molecules like water, ions, urea and ……….… enter the nephron by …………………. Glucose water and ions re-enter blood by …………………….……against the ………………….. gradient which involves active transport. urea 1 2 3 4 5 less ions glucose ultrafiltration selective reabsorption concentration Ch7

The kidney tubule name : function a ……………… : ……………. b ……………… : ……………. Ch7

The kidney tubule name : function a glomerulus : ultrafiltration b capsule : receives filtered blood c 1st coiled tube : selective reabsorption d collecting duct : target for ADH Ch7

Control of blood water content not enough …………. in the blood water pituitary gland releases …………… ADH kidney …………………. more water from the urine reabsorbs makes a small volume of ……………………… urine concentrated Ch7

Control of blood water content too much …………. in the blood water pituitary gland stops releasing …… ADH kidney …………………. less water from the urine reabsorbs you make a large volume of ………… urine dilute Ch7

Diabetes Diabetics cannot 1………….. their blood glucose.They do not make the hormone 2……… Glucose can often be found in their 3………. The condition can be controlled by: carefully balanced diet ………. injections. 1 control 2 insulin 3 urine 4 insulin Blood glucose 5………………..if a diabetic eats too much sugar or does not get enough insulin. Blood sugar 6…………….. if a diabetic eats too little sugar or takes too much insulin. 5 rises 6 drops Ch7

Genetically engineered insulin Diabetes used to be treated with insulin extracted from the pancreas of ……….. or cows after they had been slaughtered for meat. Now insulin is made from genetically …………. bacteria. It is called humulin. This humulin is better because: it is the same as …………. insulin it has less side …………… it is more acceptable to …………….. it is more acceptable to some …………. Ch7

The kidney machine Kidney transplant Urea ………… out of the blood, across the dialysis membrane into the dialysis ………… The dialysis fluid already has salts and ………… in it so they do …… diffuse across. Kidney transplant The failed kidney is replaced with one from a ………. The patients ………… system has to be suppressed with drugs to stop the new kidney from being …………. This makes the patient more vulnerable to other …………. Ch7

The kidney machine Kidney transplant Urea diffuses out of the blood, across the dialysis membrane into the dialysis fluid. The dialysis fluid already has salts and glucose in it so they do not diffuse across. Kidney transplant The failed kidney is replaced with one from a donor. The patients immune system has to be suppressed with drugs to stop the new kidney from being rejected. This makes the patient more vulnerable to other diseases. Ch7