Ch. 26 Cold War Conflicts The Cold War At Home How did the U.S. government investigate alleged Communist influence in the U.S.

Cold War As the Cold War took hold, the Communist bloc and the capitalist democracies continued tense relations.

“Un-American” House Committee on Un-American Activities: agency created to look for Communists inside and outside government What activities do you think were considered “un-American?”

The Hollywood Ten 1. What were they accused of? 2. How were they affected by the accusations? 3. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

The Hollywood Ten 1. Accused of disloyalty; being Communist 2. They were imprisoned and blacklisted; their careers and reputations ruined 3. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

The Hollywood Ten Alvah Bessie Herbert Biberman Lester Cole Edward Dmytryk Ring Lardner Jr. John Howard Lawson Albert Maltz Samuel Ornitz Robert Adrian Scott Dalton Trumbo

Walt Disney: Protecting the vision of American culture Disney testified on October 24, 1947 testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee that he believed “a Communist group was trying to take over my artists.” Disney insisted that American labor unions had to be protected from influences that were trying to undermine the privileges of being a United States Citizen “without interfering” in the rights of Americans. H

Alger Hiss 1. What were they accused of? 2. How were they affected by the accusations? 3. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg 3 a. What were they accused of? 3b. How were they affected by the accusations? 3c. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

Alger Hiss 1. Accused of spying for USSR; perjury 2. He was convicted of perjury and jailed 3. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg 1. Accused of spying for the USSR; helping to pass information about the atomic bomb 2. They were convicted and executed. 3. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

McCarthyism 1. What seems to have motivated it? 2. Why did it succeed at first? 3. Why did it fall out of favor?

McCarthyism 1. desire to be re-elected; growing fears about Communism 2. McCarthy fed on public’s fears and gave the impression of a real and dangerous Communist menace. 3. In TV hearings, McCarthy bullied witnesses, turning the public against him. No proof!

4/13 If you had lived during this period, and had been accused of Communism, what would you have done?

Nuclear weapons By 1962, Russia had almost 40 Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) and numerous Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs). The U.S. had approximately 170 ICBMs, in addition to hundreds of long range bombers, IRBMs and submarine based missiles. The U.S. could deliver some 3,000 nuclear bombs into Russia. Eisenhower had made this a national priority in 1955.

Nuclear fallout shelters There were no defenses to ICBMs or IRBMs.

Bay of Pigs April 1961: President John F. Kennedy approved an invasion of Cuba. Using Cuban exiles as the initial landing force, the target was the Bay of Pigs on the Cuban coast. The invasion was poorly planned and quickly crushed.

Operation Mongoose May 1961: The U.S. aggressively tried to destabilize the Cuban regime and assassinate Cuban President Fidel Castro. Led by Robert Kennedy and the CIA.

Robert F. Kennedy “My idea is to stir things up on the island with espionage, sabotage, general disorder, run and operated by Cubans themselves with every group but Batistaites and Communists. Do not know if we will be successful in overthrowing Castro but we have nothing to lose in my estimate.” 1961

Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962: President Kennedy was informed by national security advisors that the Soviet Union was attempting to set up a nuclear missile base in Cuba.

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