Endocrine System ENDOCRINE GLANDS Secrete hormones _________ into the ____________ Ductless EXOCRINE GLANDS – secrete substances through _______(sweat, salivary, lacrimal and pancreas

Endocrine System Function of the Endocrine System – to secrete __________ Hormones are _____ _____ that coordinate and direct target cells and organs. What other system works with the Endocrine system to control functions of the body?????__________

Negative feedback

Drop in hormone level triggers a chain reaction to increase secretion Endocrine System Hormonal Control NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Drop in hormone level triggers a chain reaction to increase secretion Blood level of hormone falls Hypothalamus gets message and sends out hormone to pituitary gland Pituitary gland sends out stimulating hormones to the gland, tissues or cells Gland stimulates more hormone production When blood levels of hormone increase, the hypothalamus tells the pituitary to stop stimulating hormones

Endocrine System PITUITARY GLAND the size of a ___ to a small____ Connected to the_________ 2 lobes: _____and ______ The “Master Gland”

Endocrine System

Endocrine System Pituitary-Hypothalamus Relationship Hypothalamus is part of the nervous system It produces 2 hormones These 2 hormones are stored in the __________ pituitary

Endocrine System Posterior Pituitary Lobe VASOPRESSIN or ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Acts to ________ __________(doesn’t allow us to urinate as much) OXYTOCIN What does it do???

Anterior Pituitary Lobe Endocrine System Anterior Pituitary Lobe GROWTH HORMONE - GH responsible for __________________ PROLACTIN –production of ____________

Endocrine System THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE – TSH - stimulates___________ ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE – ACTH – stimulates___________ FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE – FSH -stimulates growth of ___________and production of ________in females, _____ in males

Endocrine System LUTEINIZING HORMONE – LH stimulates__________ INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE – ICSH production of ___________ in males

Endocrine System THYROID GLAND H or Butterfly-shaped mass of tissue On either side of larynx, over trachea Produces 2 hormones:______ and ________

Thyroxine controls_____________ Endocrine System THYROXINE – is controlled by the secretion of ___ (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) Thyroxine controls_____________ _____________________body activities Helps with _____ production

Where do we get out Iodine???? Endocrine System Thyroid hormones contain________ Where do we get out Iodine???? We get Iodine from our _____ specifically ____

Endocrine System Where do we want our Ca+ to be??? _________ CALCITONIN – causes ___ to be absorbed by the ____ from the _____ ___________: a harmful rise in blood Ca+ levels Is FATAL if not treated!!!! What else do we need Ca+ for??? ______________

Endocrine System Negative Feedback: Ca+ levels in blood increase. _____ (from the pituitary) stimulates the thyroid to release ______________. ___________ causes Ca+ to be absorbed by the bone. When blood levels of Ca+ return to normal, hypothalamus tells the pituitary to stop producing ______.

Endocrine System PARATHYROID GLANDS Four glands, size of a grain of rice Attached to ________ thyroid Produces ___________

Endocrine System Parathormone works with _________ to control Ca+ blood levels When Ca+ levels in the blood ____, Parathormone is released causing ____ to release ___ into the ______ Prevents hypocalcemia

directly into the blood Endocrine System Thymus gland part of the lymphatic system Endocrine function: secretes ____ directly into the blood Thymus gland gets smaller as we get older WHY????

Works under the control of _____ Endocrine System ADRENAL GLANDS Located on top of each kidney: Outer part cortex Inner layer medulla Works under the control of _____

Endocrine System Adrenal cortex: secretes hormones known as_________ Corticoids are ______________ 1. mineralocorticoids Aldosterone speeds up ___ absorption from the kidneys

Endocrine System 2. glucocorticoids “cortisone” as in hydrocortisone and Prednisone Glucocorticoids help: ** _____ glucose levels in the blood ** _____ everyday stress **decrease _______ ** decrease ___ in injuries by inhibiting prostaglandins

Endocrine System 3. Androgens male sex hormones These are the ones abused by athletes Males liver changes atrophy of testicles, breast enlargement “roid rage” Female amenorrhea, abnormal body hair, voice changes

Endocrine Disorders

Fight or Flight syndrome Endocrine System Medulla: secretes 2 hormones --Epinephrine or _________ a powerful cardiac stimulant causes the Fight or Flight syndrome -- ___________ is the antagonist to epinephrine What nervous system is it a part of ??? These 2 hormones DO NOT use the negative feedback system

ISLETS OF LANGERHANS special cells in the pancreas Endocrine System PANCREAS Endocrine: secretes ______ Exocrine: secretes enzymes into digestive system to help break down food ISLETS OF LANGERHANS special cells in the pancreas Beta cells produce _______ Insulin – _______ blood glucose levels Alpha cells produce _______ Glucagon _______blood glucose levels

coming into the _____ via the _____ Endocrine System Pineal gland looks like a______ produces _______ -located in the 3rd ventricle and is associated with the ____________ coming into the _____ via the _____ Decrease light _______ melatonin Increased light _______ melatonin

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Associated with ____________________ Endocrine System Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Called “cabin fever” “winter blues” It is the depression people feel during the dark days of winter Associated with ____________________ Treatment is ______or ___________

Endocrine System GONADS Ovary in female Testes in male Estrogen/ Progesterone female Testosterone – male