The Restoration (1660)

Restoration People grew tired of the severe, religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!!

Restoration Charles II learned from the lessons of his father & grandfather: Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament’s authority Passed Habeas Corpus Law—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

Restoration During the Restoration, Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)

Restoration BUT, there were problems: Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

This is James II

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution Parliament worried about what to do when Charles II dies; England’s 1st two political parties emerged—Whigs (opposed James II) & Tories (supported James II’s right to be king)

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution Charles II died in 1685 & Catholic brother James II became king James II wanted absolute power just like James I & Charles I (Oh, no!!) James II claimed he had power to overturn Parliament’s laws & appoint Catholics to key gov’t positions; Parliament was furious!! (Whigs: We told you so! Tories: Oops, big mistake!)

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution Parliament feared him, but waited for him to die so his Protestant daughter Mary would become queen; Mary was married to William of Orange (a powerful prince in the Netherlands) BUT…James II had a “surprise” son & Parliament had to do something to stop the Stuart Dynasty from continuing

Glorious Revolution Parliament asked Mary’s husband William to invade England & become king; William agreed Everyone is thinking it’ll be another bloody civil war, BUT… James II fled and William III & Mary II became king & queen without bloodshed (peaceful transfer of power)

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

English Bill of Rights William & Mary agree to English Bill of Rights (individual rights & limits king): Cannot overturn Parliament’s laws Only Parliament can create taxes Freedom of speech for Parliament Citizens can criticize the king Army can only be used in time of war; not used as police force No excessive bail

Other Reforms Cabinet was formed—a small group of advisors from Parliament to assist the king Office of Prime Minister was created: Served as head of the Cabinet, chief leader of Parliament, leader of Parliament’s majority party First Political Parties were formed during the argument over James II (these evolved into modern Parties)

Limitations on Monarchy Magna Carta (1215) Petition of Right (1628) Habeas Corpus (1679) English Bill of Rights (1689) Cabinet (1702) & Prime Minister (1727)

English History Crossword