Risk Engineer’s Energy Forum (REEF) July 27, 2016 David Black Fire Hazard Analysis using “FireHAT” BakerRisk’s Hybrid Methodology and Tool for Conducting Scenario-Based Fire Hazard Analyses

Agenda What is a Fire Hazard Analysis? Why and How BakerRisk Methodology Using FireHAT Applications and Outcomes of FHA

What is a Fire Hazard Analysis? Qualitative or quantitative assessment of likelihood and/or consequences of fire scenarios

References to FHA API 2001: Fire Protection in Refineries API 2510/A: LPG Processing / Storage API 2218: Fireproofing **All reference performing Fire Hazard Analysis, but none discuss how…

PHA vs. FHA Preventive Safeguards Normal Operating Conditions Loss of Primary Containment Deviations and Contributing Factors

The “Manageable” Consequence

The “Unmanageable” Consequence

Scenario-Based Fire Hazard Analysis Manageable Event Unmanageable Event Mitigating Safeguards Adequate ERT response Ample Fire Water Supply Remote Isolation Secondary Release Points Unprotected Support Steel Untimely or Inadequate Response Aggravating Factors Unprotected Support Steel

Managing Fires – The Battlefield “Manageable” Event Limit Remote Isolation ERT Response Fire Proofing Secondary+ Releases Poor Drainage Weather Time Unmanaged Obstructions Fixed Protection Critical Exposures Congestion Detection Adequate Water Supply

Sun Tzu: Know Your Enemy, Know Yourself FHA should be a detailed analysis to: Gather and review intelligence about the nature of the fire Review and analyze available countermeasures Apply and deploy appropriate weapons and tactics Develop information to generate a battle plan to deal with fires

Know Your Enemy… FHA needs to: Review specific, credible scenarios Understand effects of realistic process conditions and materials Understand the effects of weather and time on scenario Evaluate the consequences of modeled scenarios Has to see whole picture not just the component parts

…and now a word about consequence modeling… SafeSite3G® - BakerRisk’s consequence modeling tool Used primarily for facility siting studies Models: Extent of overpressure events (VCEs) Toxic Releases Thermal Impacts (heat contours) for pool and jet fires

Thermal Radiation of Jet Fire – 2” release Scenario

Know Yourself What are the countermeasures? Fixed fire protection applications Firewater delivery Passive Fireproofing Fire and Gas Detection

Countermeasure Weaknesses Each countermeasure has an Achilles’ heel: Fixed fire suppression can be poorly installed/maintained, etc. Firewater delivery systems can be undersized Fire monitors can be in poor shape, undersized, obstructed Fireproofing can be missing or in poor repair

The Whole Picture Introducing “FireHAT” Built to leverage SafeSite3G® consequence data Adds layers to model capabilities of: Water Spray Systems Fire Monitors Firewater delivery systems Passive Fireproofing Assembles whole picture, from component parts

Sample of FireHAT Output

FireHAT FireHAT also: Evaluates effectiveness of fire and gas detection Helps optimize F&G detector placement Models and predicts performance of drainage systems

FHA – the BakerRisk Methodology Step 1: Consequence Modeling Build SafeSite3G® model Previous facility siting study very beneficial, but can do from scratch

Mitigation Modeling Step 2: Build FireHAT Mitigation layers Input data for firewater system, delivery systems, fireproofing, etc. Data provided in advance from plot plans, fire pump tests, etc.

Site Visit Step 3: Site Visit Gather specific scenario data, mitigation particulars Looking at extent and condition of fireproofing Make/model of fire monitors Flows/pressures of fixed spray systems Update consequence and mitigation layers in FireHAT

Workshop Step 4: Roundtable “PHA-style” Workshop BR-facilitated team of operations, ERT, safety, others as needed Review modeled scenarios Discuss operator and ERT responses Challenge / Validate assumptions and expectations Converge on right scenarios and realistic responses Address the gaps

Outcomes of FHA Provides support for other, more specific fire-related studies Opportunity to evaluate process to optimize “inherently safer design” for greenfield projects Operational Facilities: Determination of “worst case” water demands Fireproofing gap analysis Detection placement, coverage, design, etc. Development of fire pre-plans

Validation of Firewater System Model @ BR Test Site

Fireproofing Review passive fireproofing performance

Summary FHAs are important to understand the fire exposures AND to understand if those exposures are being adequately managed Our proposed methodology is a hybrid of qualitative review and quantitative modeling/analysis

Questions / Comments ?