Hammurabi’s Code of Laws

Code of Hammurabi Code of 282 laws inscribed on a stone pillar placed in the public hall for all to see Hammurabi Stone depicts Hammurabi as receiving his authority from god Shamash Set of divinely inspired laws; as well as societal laws Punishments were designed to fit the crimes as people must be responsible for own actions Hammurabi Code was an origin to the concept of “eye for an eye…” ie. If a son struck his father, the son’s hand would be cut off Consequences for crimes depended on rank in society (ie. only fines for nobility)

Conquers most of Mespopotamia Hammurabi 1790 BC Babylonian King Conquers most of Mespopotamia Law Code of Hammurabi

Code of Hammurabi Hammurabi (King of Babylonian Empire from 1792 to 1750 B.C.) maintained control of empire by a code of law Claimed the gods had chosen him “to promote the welfare of the people,… to cause justice to prevail in the land, to destroy the wicked and evil, [so] that the strong might not oppress the weak, to rise like the sun over the people, and to light up the land.”

Code of Hammurabi Relied on lex talionis– the law of retaliation Offenders suffered punishments resembling their violations If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ] (196) If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. (197) If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. [ A tooth for a tooth ] (200)

Code of Hammurabi High standards of behavior and stern punishments for violators Death penalty for murder, theft, fraud, false accusations, sheltering of runaway slaves, failure to obey royal orders, adultery, and incest Civil laws regulating prices, wages, commercial dealings, marital relationships, and the conditions of slavery

If not equal everyone had equal protection under the law… Code of Hammurabi Standardized Law = Consistent Codified Law = Written Everyone knew the LAW If not equal everyone had equal protection under the law… even women

   

Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi was a list of 282 laws brought together and written on an 8 foot tall stone pillar in 1280 AD for all the people of Babylonia to see.

What is most famous about Hammurabi? You probably assume it was one simple law. “An eye for an eye.” And although that was a law, and it is famous, Hammurabi’s code was a set of laws for everyone to follow, with set punishment if not followed. Brilliant Idea? Right?

#229 If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death.

#110 If a "sister of god" (nun) who is not living in a convent opens a wine shop or enters a wine shop for a drink, they shall burn that woman.

53   If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 21 If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried.

195   If a son strike his father, his hands shall be cut off. 196   If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ] 197   If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198   If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199   If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200   If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. [ A tooth for a tooth ]

Hammurabi's Code - Hammurabi was the King and founder of the Babylonian empire

Hammurabi's Code - Hammurabi was the King and founder of the Babylonian empire - code contained 282 laws

Hammurabi's Code - Hammurabi was the King and founder of the Babylonian empire - code contained 282 laws   - settled conflict in ALL    areas of life

Hammurabi's Code - based on the idea of "eye for an eye"

Hammurabi's Code - based on the idea of "eye for an eye" - punishment should be equal to the crime committed

What should be done to the carpenter who builds a house that falls and kills the owner?

What should be done to the carpenter who builds a house that falls and kills the owner? Code 2: If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death.

What should be done about a wife who ignores her duties and belittles her husband?  

What should be done about a wife who ignores her duties and belittles her husband? Code 143: If the woman has not been careful but has gadded about, neglecting her house and belittling her husband, they shall throw that woman into the water.

What happens if if a farmer's irrigations system causes his neighbor to lose his crop?

He will pay his neighbor the amount of corn that was lost. What happens if if a farmer's irrigations system causes his neighbor to lose his crop? He will pay his neighbor the amount of corn that was lost.

What should be done if a son is adopted and then the birth-parents want him back?

What should be done if a son is adopted and then the birth-parents want him back? Code 185: If a man takes in his own home a young boy as a son and rears him, one may not bring claim for that adopted son.

What happens if a man is unable to pay his debts?

What happens if a man is unable to pay his debts? Code 117: If a man be in debt and is unable to pay his creditors, he shall sell his wife, son, or daughter, or bind them over to service. For three years they shall work in the houses of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall be given their freedom.

What should happen to a boy who slaps his father?

What should happen to a boy who slaps his father? Code 195: If a son strikes his father, they shall cut off his hand.

What happens if a man accuses someone of murder and it is not proved?  

What happens if a man accuses someone of murder and it is not proved? The accuser will be put to death.

How is the truth determined when one man brings an accusation against another?

How is the truth determined when one man brings an accusation against another? Code 2: If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser.

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