[ 3.4 ] The National Government and the States

The Nation’s Obligations Under the Constitution Republican Form of Government- the government and the states are obligated to maintain it, but the government and the Supreme Court refuse to define what it is ex. Civil War Making War, Keeping Peace- states are responsible for keeping the peace within their own borders, but a foreign attack on a state is an attack on the whole country

The Nation’s Obligations Under the Constitution The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the precedent that the United States would grow by forming new States rather than expanding existing States. Hawaii became the 50th State in 1959.

Admitting New States Admission Procedure- only Congress can admit new states Enabling Act- proposed state must draft a constitution which is then put to a vote of the constituents of that state Act of admission- voters of the new state pass the constitution and Congress approves of the document (President can veto) Conditions for Admission- new states may not take existing states territory without that state’s consent Congress can set other conditions to admission, but they can’t compromise the independence of the state to manage its own affairs

Admitting New States From 1776 to 1898, the U.S. acquired the land from which new States were eventually formed. Analyze Maps From which acquisition were the most States formed?

States and Federal Government Sharing Resources

Whoever has the money makes the rules States and Federal Government Sharing Resources Other Forms of Federal Aid FBI National Guard FEMA Sect. 8 Housing State Aid to the National Government Elections Naturalization Whoever has the money makes the rules

States and Federal Government Sharing Resources A superhero, representing the Federal Government, is ineffective due to a shift in power to the States. Analyze Political Cartoons How does the Constitution prevent this from happening?

Agreements Among States The Four Corners monument marks the legally accepted intersection of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Colorado. The location was surveyed in 1868 and was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1925.

How the Law Crosses State Lines In Article IV, Section 1, the Constitution commands that: “Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State.” Exceptions- Applies only to civil law

How the Law Crosses State Lines The Full Faith and Credit Clause plays an important role in unifying our nation; it ensures that all States recognize public records, such as birth and marriage certificates.

Extradition The Constitution makes provisions for those who flee to another State to avoid punishment for a crime: A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. —Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2

The Constitution also protects citizens who move between the States. Privileges and Immunities The Constitution also protects citizens who move between the States. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. —Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1 Unreasonable Distinctions- ex. Welfare benefits, jobs Reasonable Distinctions- ex. Residence requirement Voting Licenses- dr, lawyer, hunting Tuition

Privileges and Immunities The Privileges and Immunity Clause of the 14th Amendment gives Congress the power to protect the rights of citizens, including those who live or own property in multiple States.

Quiz: The Nation’s Obligations Under the Constitution Which of the following would qualify as an event of 'domestic Violence' within a State that would warrant the involvement of the National Government? A. a devastating tornado B. a crime spree C. a massive political march D. an attack by a foreign power

Quiz: Agreements Among States Which of the following most likely explains why the number of interstate compacts has grown quickly over the past 100 years? A. There is more interstate commerce and resource sharing. B. Immigration reforms made interstate trade more complex. C. The United States has grown, thus creating a need for better agreements. D. World War II raised American awareness of the importance of cooperation.

Quiz: How the Law Crosses State Lines The Constitution commands that: “Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State.” What is meant by the term 'public Acts?' A. acts recorded in a public place B. acts undertaken in a public place C. the laws of the county D. the laws of the State

Quiz: Extradition What is the purpose of extradition law? A. to prevent fugitives from escaping justice B. to create a single, unified system of American justice C. to ensure that different States have similar criminal and civil laws D. to avoid misuse of State laws and resources