SSUSH16 Investigate how political, economic, and cultural developments after WWI led to a shared national identity.

DO NOW: World War I Quiz What is neutrality? What year did the US enter the war? What is the Great Migration? What was Wilson’s last point in the Fourteen Points? What did the 18th Amendment do? What did the 19th Amendment do? What violation did Germany break by interacting with Mexico (Western Hemisphere) to get America’s attention?

Bell Ringer Critically examine these WWI propaganda campaigns. Discussion in 10 m.

a. Explain how fears of rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red Scare and immigrant restriction. The number of Labor Unions rose during WW I Unions began using strikes as a means of trying to gain better working conditions How does this work? Strikes were associated with Communist led protests in Europe This worried many Americans that Communism would spread to the U.S. The mayor of Seattle felt that strikers wanted to “take possession of our American government and try to duplicate the anarchy of Russia”

350,000 steel workers went on strike in 1919 The head of U.S. Steel blamed the unrest on foreign radicals Broke the strike by hiring African Americans and Mexicans to work How is this significant?

The Red Scare Numerous strikes in 1919 led many Americans to believe that the Communists were trying to start a revolution in the U.S. The Communists were blamed for sending bombs through the postal system as a way of disrupting the American way of life As a way of limiting “radicals” Congress passed laws limiting foreign immigration to the U.S.

b. Describe the effects of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments.

18th Amendment: The 18th Amendment took effect in 1920 banning the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol Supporters of prohibition thought that it would reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty. Which groups of people do you think supported prohibition?

Prohibition: Those in favor of it: Those against it: Known as “drys” Believed Prohibition improved individuals, helped strengthen families, & created better socities Drinking & liver disease did decrease during Prohibition Known as “wets” Believed the ban on alcohol did not stop people from drinking Believed Prohibition helped create an atmosphere hypocrisy & increased organized crime

Prohibition: An illegal network was created by “wets” where people would make alcohol in homemade stills or smuggled it in from other countries Known as “bootleggers” Secret drinking establishments were created called “speakeasies” Government worked to stop bootleggers & shut down speakeasies, but they were short-handed & the demand for alcohol was too great

18th Amendment The Amendment was extremely difficult to enforce so that by 1933, the 21st Amendment was passed repealing the 18th Amendment Why do you think the 18 Amendment was so difficult to enforce? What wasn’t banned by the 18th Amendment?

Nineteenth Amendment (1920) Women’s Suffrage: The right to vote Women’s suffrage movement groups originally tied their cause to that of African-American suffrage

Question # What Amendment granted all men the right to vote?

c. Examine how mass production & advertising led to increasing consumerism, including Henry Ford & the automobile.

Consumerism-encouraged the buying of affordable goods: Mass Production: Advertising: Rapid manufacture of large numbers of an identical product Because products could be made quicker, the price of goods dropped making them more affordable Magazine & newspaper ads often focused on the desires/fears of Americans Convinced people that they could become the person they wanted to be by buying the right products People who did not have cash on hand, bought on credit

1n 1908 Henry Ford began to mass produce cars Automobiles that the “everyday” man could afford He paid his workers $5 a day He sold his original Model “T” for $825

Ford used mass production He built his cars on an assembly line Each worker had a specific job to do This helped speed up the building process Reducing the cost of automobiles

The automobile changed how Americans lived It allowed them to travel greater distances much quicker The automobile industry also created growth in other industries such as The rubber Glass And lead industries

d. Describe the impact of radio and the movies as a unifying force in the national culture

The 1920’s Popular Culture: Known as the first “modern era” Americans enjoy more leisure time, weekends, & more money for fun Included baseball games, movies, radio, and picnics

Movies: With more income & free time, Americans looked for new entertainment Huge movie palaces and small local theaters became America’s place for cultural learning First movies were silent, benefited immigrants Movies in the 1920s helped show “modern” lifestyles to Americans Charlie Chaplin: most famous comedian of the time

Radio: Radio companies such as CBS and NBC were formed in the 1920s Radio allowed listeners to hear instant news of events Radio provided a way for families to come together to listen to broadcasts Movies in the 1920s helped show “modern” lifestyles to Americans

e. Describe the emergence of modern forms of cultural expression including the origins of jazz and the Harlem Renaissance.

Louis Armstrong Langston Hughes Born in Mississippi Born in New Orleans and moved to Chicago in his 20s Played the cornet and trumpet Played an improvised form of Dixie Ragtime and jazz Influential in the New York jazz scene Ain’tMisbehavin’: http://www.archive.org/details/Misbehavin Langston Hughes Born in Mississippi Wrote poems describing the disenfranchisement of many African Americans

Langston Hughes Life is Fine I went down to the river, I set down on the bank. I tried to think but couldn't, So I jumped in and sank. I came up once and hollered! I came up twice and cried! If that water hadn't a-been so cold I might've sunk and died. Though you may hear me holler, And you may see me cry– I'll be dogged, sweet baby, If you gonna see me die. Life is fine! Fine as wine! Life is fine! I, Too, Sing America I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed– I, too, am America.

Harlem Renaissance Centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City Artists and intellectuals found new ways to explore the historical experiences of black America and the contemporary experiences of black life in the urban North. African-American artists and intellectuals rejected imitating the styles of Europeans and white Americans and instead celebrated black dignity and creativity.