MODES OF COGNETTIVE DEVELOPMENT - (BRUNER) JASINTHA MARY .D BIO-SCIENCE

INTRODUCTION Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology particularly focusing on child development. Young children are not only growing physically during their childhood, but they are also growing mentally. In other words cognitive development is the emergence of the ability to think and understand.

VARIOUS THEORISTS FOR COGNETIVE DEVELOPMENT Jerome Bruner Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky John Dewey

Jerome Bruner Born – October 1 1915 Age - 94 Born in New York Education – PhD, Harvard, 1941 (psychology). - BA, Duke university, 1937

Publications - The culture of education, 1996 - Acts of meaning, 1991 - Actual minds, possible worlds, 1987 - The process of education, 1960. He is a Cognitive Psychologist and also a Educational Psychologist. Scaffolding theory. Spiral curriculum. Discovery learning.

Meaning of Bruner’s Theory Cognitive development is the construction of thought process, including remembering, problem solving, and decision – making from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.

Definition of Bruner’s theory Active process Constructs new idea based upon existing knowledge It includes transformation of information, Problem solving and Decision making. It provides meaning and organization to experiences It allows the individual to go beyond the information given

According to Bruner, learning is not simply a stimulus – response (S According to Bruner, learning is not simply a stimulus – response (S.R) conditioning or reinforcement but rather a Cognitive process.

3 Simultaneous Acts Acquisition of new knowledge Transformation of knowledge Checking the pertinence and adequacy of knowledge one has

And also Curiosity is the basic instinct possessed by every individual. Conceptualization or categorization is the first major steps in process of learning.

The 3 modes of Cognitive Development Enactive mode Iconic mode Symbolic mode

Enactive Mode It is the representation of knowledge through action.

Iconic mode At this stage the individual is able to think about the objects or events through his own mental images.

Symbolic mode In this stage the individual starts using symbols in place of images.

A Theory of Instruction According to Bruner, a theory of instruction, should take into account of the following things: Nature of individual children. Nature of knowledge to be received by the children. Nature of the knowledge getting process.

4 Major aspects of Process of Instruction PREDISPOSITION TO LEARN: Before starting the process of teaching, the teacher should make all attempts to make the child willing and able to learn what he is going to experience through the given instruction.

STRUCTURING THE KNOWLEDGE: Learning experiences to be given or contents to be taught should be so effectively structured that these enable the students to grasp and relate the knowledge as effective as possible.

SEQUENCING OF THE PRESENTED MATERIAL: A teacher should take care of the proper and effective sequencing of the subject matter and learning experiences to be given to his students.

PROVIDING DUE REINFORCEMENT: Teacher should pay due consideration to the mechanism of proper reinforcement in the process of reinforcement

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