PROPERTIES OF MATTER

What is matter? Fire Water Rocks Smoke Bacteria Baby powder Salt Anything that is made of atoms/molecules, has mass and takes up space. Fire Smoke Salt Mars Jupiter Steam Rotten Apples Heat Sound Waves Water Bacteria Oxygen Stars Gravity Magnetic Force Dissolved Sugar Electricity Rocks Baby powder Milk Air Light Dust Love Cells Atoms

What are properties of matter?

Property Is a description of an object If struck by lighting, the tree could catch FIRE (BURN) Is a description of an object The tree is GREEN The tree is TALL

Physical Properties five senses description Are determined by the use of the . They are a of an object. senses description

Examples of Physical Properties Color Smell Taste State of Matter Mass Volume Density Boiling, Freezing, or Melting Point

Ruler Units: length: mm, cm, m volume: cm3, mL, m3 Sensitivity: 0.1 (tenths place) Used to measure: Length Height Width Use these measurements to determine the volume of an object

Triple Beam Balance Mass Units: grams (g) Sensitivity: 0.1 (tenths place) Used to measure: Mass

Graduated Cylinder Volume Units: Liquids- milliliters (mL) Irregular Solids- cubic centimeters (cm3) Sensitivity: 0.1 (tenths place) Used to measure: Volume Liquids Irregular shaped solids “displacement”

Mass The amount of matter Triple beam balance to measure Definition: The amount of matter Example: Triple beam balance to measure Measured in gram units

Volume Irregular objects: Water displacement Definition: how much space the matter takes up Example: Irregular objects: Water displacement Regular objects use measurement Liters or m3 1ml = 1cm3

Density D=M/V Mass per unit volume g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3 Definition: Mass per unit volume Example: D=M/V g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3 Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

More information about density... Density = The amount of matter in a given space or volume Density = m Mass v Volume Density =

More information about density... Most substances have a unique density: Water = 1.00 g/mL Gold = 19.32 g/mL (See page 13 in your book for a bigger list) Density < 1 - The object will float in water Density > 1 – The object will sink in water

State The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Definition: The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Ice = Solid Water = Liquid Helium = Gas Lightning = Plasma

States of Matter Apple Definite volume and shape Water Liquids Solids Gases Apple Definite volume and shape Water Definite volume but takes the shape of its container Helium No definite shape or volume

Important Temperatures Melting Point: The temperature when a solid becomes a liquid. Boiling Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a gas. Freezing Point: The temperature when a liquid becomes a solid. Condensation Point: The temperature when a gas becomes a liquid.

State

Clarity The ability for light to pass through matter Definition: The ability for light to pass through matter Transparent: all light passes through Translucent: some light passes through Opaque: no light passes through

Luster The ability to reflect light Shiny: more reflection Definition: The ability to reflect light Shiny: more reflection Dull: less reflection

Form The structure in the matter Definition: The structure in the matter Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline Irregular – no pattern

Texture Rough - Describing the surface of the matter Smooth - Sharp - Definition: Describing the surface of the matter Examples of textures: Rough - Smooth - Sharp - Soft - Hard - Bumpy -

Brittleness The ability to break or shatter easily Definition: Example:

Thermal Conductivity Definition: The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else Example: Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

Electrical Conductivity Definition: The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow) Example: Metals and non metals Conductors – good conductivity Insulators – no conductivity

Viscosity The ability for matter to flow Viscous and non- viscous Definition: The ability for matter to flow Example: Viscous and non- viscous Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

Hardness The ability to resist scratching The Mohs Hardness Scale: 1 talc 2 gypsum 3 calcite 4 fluorite 5 apatite 6 orthoclase 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond Definition: The ability to resist scratching

The ability to be pounded into thin sheets Malleability Definition: The ability to be pounded into thin sheets Example: Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

Ductility The ability to be drawn into thin wires Definition: The ability to be drawn into thin wires Example: Copper is used to make wires

Solubility Definition: The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance Example: Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee

Reminders….. Be Sure to…. Check all measurements AND make sure you include UNITS. (g, cm, cm3, ˚C) Check your MATH. Answer ALL open response questions in COMPLETE sentences!

What was the most difficult part of the lab? Why? What was the easiest part of the lab? Why?

Now that you are Experts on Measuring Matter….. Imagine that you are trying to explain to the 6th graders how to use a triple beam balance to measure mass. Describe using step-by-step procedures how to use a triple beam balance to measure mass. Do the same for measuring volume. Remember there are different procedures depending on what you are measuring such as a liquid, regular solid & irregular solid!

A Closer Look at Density

Density D=M/V Mass per unit volume g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3 Definition: Mass per unit volume Example: D=M/V g/l, g/ml, or g/cm3 Lead is used for fishing weights because it is more dense than water

More information about density... Density = The amount of matter in a given space or volume Density = m Mass v Volume Density =

More information about density... Most substances have a unique density: Water = 1.00 g/mL Gold = 19.32 g/mL Density < 1 - The object will float in water Density > 1 – The object will sink in water

State The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Definition: The form in which matter exists: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma Ice = Solid Water = Liquid Helium = Gas Lightning = Plasma

Types of Properties Physical: properties that can be observed without changing the IDENTITY of the matter A physical property is a property or characteristic of and object or substance that can be observed, described, and measured without changing the matter. Chemical: property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance)

Chemical Properties

Chemical Properties property of a substance that changes it into a NEW substance (changes the identity of the substance) Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses. Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties. Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke

Chemical Properties react Are determined by a substance’s ability to with other substances. react

Examples of Chemical Properties The ability to react with - The ability to catch fire ( ) air rust tarnish corrode rot water/acids Flammability

Physical or Chemical Property? Ability of gun powder and fire to explode. Chemical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The color of a sunset. Physical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The ability of a nail to rust. Chemical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The shape of a leaf. Physical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The ability of wood to burn. Chemical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The hardness of a diamond. Physical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The volume of your coke. Physical Property

Physical or Chemical Property? The mass of two camels. Physical Property