Geothermal Energy in Iceland

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY HAS BEEN IMPORTANT FOR THE PEOPLE OF ICELAND FOR MANY DECADES ▪ During Reykjavik’s first 1000 years geothermal heat was primarily used for washing, bathing and cooking. ▪ The first uses of geothermal energy to heat houses can be traced back to a farmer in 1908 who led a pipe to his farm. ▪ Extensive distribution of hot water for heating homes A borehole at Sudurreykir. The houses in the background are the ones first heated with geothermal water in Iceland in 1908. began in 1930 in the capital area. ▪ The first hydropower turbine began operation in 1904.

Geothermal Fields in Iceland Tavg = 0°C (january) to 10°C (july) in Reykjavík

Primary Energy Use 1940-2016

Avoided cost by harnessing a domisic renewable source of energy in Savings in 2008 equivalent to 91% of the total imports of refined oil products. energy in Iceland

Highlights for Icelandic energy use ▪ All stationary energy is renewable ▪ 86% of primary energy is renewable ▪ Oil still needed for 14% of the primary energy demand ▪ About half to operate the fishing fleet ▪ The other half mainly for motor vehicles ▪ Electricity generation amounted to 17.2 TWh ▪ Hydro power plants 73% ▪ Geothermal power plants 27% ▪ 77% to the power intensive industry ▪ 99% of houses heated with renewables

Geothermal Energy Utilisation Sectoral Share 2014

Electricity Generation and Use in Iceland 2014 Wind 3 MWe 8 GWh General use 3 TWh 17% Large industries 14 TWh 77% Losses & plant use 1 TWh 5% Fossil fuels 106 MWe 2GWh Hydropower 1986 MWe 12,9 TWh 71% Geothermal 665 MWe 5,2 TWh 29%

INNOVATION – ENTREPRENEURSHIP THE UTILIZATION REQUIRES INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ▪ PROFESSIONS ▪ Geology • UNIVERSITIES AND TRAINING CENTRES – Education and academic research ▪ Geophysics ▪ Geochemistry • RESEARCH ORGANISATION – Fundamental research and consultancy ▪ Chemical Engineering ▪ Mechanical Engineering ▪ Environmental Engineering ▪ Biology • ENGINEERING FIRMS – Design and consultancy • ENERGY COMPANIES – Utilization and sale ▪ Technicians and others..... INNOVATION – ENTREPRENEURSHIP 9

between different sectors in Iceland Research institutes Long tradition of cooperation Universities between different sectors in Iceland - Vision of increased geothermal utilization - Open access and sharing to data - Extensive research cooperation Engineering firms Private sector Public authorities Energy companies

International cluster cooperation on Geothermal research Non-profit association 22 international partners

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GEORG Team Hjalti Alicja son e-mail: hpi@georg.cluster.is Tel: +354 618 3541 Alicja e-mail: aws@georg.cluster.is son e-mail: stb@georg.cluster.is www.georg.cluster.is GEORG Team e-mail: sbg@georg.cluster.is