Short-term effects of alcohol consumption on the hormonal milieu and mood states in nulliparous women Julie A. Mennella, M. Yanina Pepino Alcohol Volume.

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Short-term effects of alcohol consumption on the hormonal milieu and mood states in nulliparous women Julie A. Mennella, M. Yanina Pepino Alcohol Volume 38, Issue 1, Pages 29-36 (January 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.03.006 Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Mean (±S.E.M.) plasma prolactin (ng/ml; top panel), oxytocin (pg/ml; middle panel), and cortisol (μg/dl; bottom panel) levels in eight nulliparous women at baseline and at varying times following the consumption of a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol in orange juice on one test day (closed circles) and orange juice alone on the other (open circles). Women received breast stimulation with a breast pump (hatched bars) 35–51min after the consumption of the beverage (time point=0). The inset in each panel depicts mean (±S.E.M.)area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) on alcohol (black bars) and control (open bars) days. * denotes values that were significantly different from control session (AUC data) or significantly different from similar time points during the control (plasma levels; P<.05). † denotes values within each test session that are significantly different from their respective baseline values (P<.05). Conversions: oxytocin in picograms per milliliter×0.80=oxytocin in picomoles per liter; prolactin in nanograms per milliliter×43.5=prolactin in picomoles per liter; cortisol in micrograms per deciliter×27.6=cortisol in nanomoles per liter. Alcohol 2006 38, 29-36DOI: (10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.03.006) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Mean (±S.E.M.) blood alcohol concentration (BAC; closed circles) and raw scores of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) drunkenness scale (Dr-ARCI) scale which reflects levels of drunkenness (open triangles). To convert values for BAC to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.217. * denotes values that are significantly different from their respective baseline values (P<.05). Alcohol 2006 38, 29-36DOI: (10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.03.006) Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions