Immunomodulatory Activity and Effectiveness of Macrolides in Chronic Airway Disease  Bruce K. Rubin, MEngr, MD, FCCP, Markus O. Henke, MD  CHEST  Volume 125, Issue 2, Pages 70S-78S (February 2004) DOI: 10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.70S Copyright © 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The survival rate of patients treated with erythromycin (group c EM+) was significantly greater than that of untreated patients (group c EM-) [p < 0.0056]. Untreated patients were not different from historical control subjects (group a) [p < 0.2475]. This figure was adapted with permission from Kudoh et al.2 CHEST 2004 125, 70S-78SDOI: (10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.70S) Copyright © 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Top, A: Mean FEV1 increased within 3 months of beginning clarithromycin therapy in 10 subjects with DPB. A maximal value was reached at 6 months and was sustained for 4 years. Bottom, B: The FVC increased to a maximal level within 6 months of beginning clarithromycin and was sustained for 4 years. * = p < 0.01 compared to baseline; ** = p < 0.05 compared to baseline; ## = p < 0.005 compared to baseline. This figure was adapted with permission from Kadota et al.3 CHEST 2004 125, 70S-78SDOI: (10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.70S) Copyright © 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Left: The level of IL-8 (mean ± SE) in the BALF of subjects with DPB was compared before and after macrolide therapy, and was compared to subjects with sarcoidosis (SAR) or healthy volunteers. Right: Correlation between the percentage of neutrophils and the levels of IL-8 in the BALF of 19 subjects with DPB (r = 0.509; p < 0.05). This figure was adapted with permission from Sakito et al.31 CHEST 2004 125, 70S-78SDOI: (10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.70S) Copyright © 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Left, A: Mean (95% CI) change from baseline of FEV1 in 41 children with CF who were treated with azithromycin and placebo in a crossover trial. The mean FEV1 was greater during the azithromycin arm of the trial (p = 0.031). The median relative difference between azithromycin and placebo was 5.4% (95% CI, 0.8 to 10.5). Right, B: Mean (95% CI) change from baseline visit of FVC percent predicted for each treatment period. This figure was adapted with permission from Equi et al.44 CHEST 2004 125, 70S-78SDOI: (10.1378/chest.125.2_suppl.70S) Copyright © 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions