September 6, 2016 Get out 2 sheets of paper and pencil Persian War, Peloponnesian War, Alexander the Great Notes HW: Vocab & Notes due 9/14

Persian War Persian Empire stretched up to Asia Minor Included Ionian Greeks Greeks living in Anatolia Ionian Greeks resented Persian rule and revolt in 499 B.C Athenians aid Ionians

Persian Wars 490 B.C. – 479 B.C. Darius I retaliates against Athenians in 490 B.C. Greek city-states unite against Persians First time there is identity of being “Greek” Outnumbered Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon

Persian Wars 490 B.C. – 479 B.C. Darius I dies and son Xerxes becomes king in 486 B.C. Athenians build up navy after Battle of Marathon (circa 483 B.C.) Xerxes invades Greece in 480 B.C. Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans fight thousands of Persians Persians march south and destroy Athens

Persian Wars 490 B.C. – 479 B.C. Battle of Salamis Athenians draw Persians to narrow channel between Salamis and mainland Persian ships too big to maneuver around smaller Greek ships Greeks victorious Persian War ends next year in 479 B.C. with the Greeks victorious

Results of the Persian War The Greek sense of unity was increased. Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece. Athens organized the Delian League, an alliance with other Greek city-states. Athens used the league to assert power and build an Athenian Empire.

The Age of Pericles: 460-429 B.C. Brought Athens into its Golden Age Rebuilt the city and started building the Parthenon Direct Democracy, culture, drama, education, philosophy

Peloponessian War and Thucydides https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bActmAxaC4Q

Peloponnesian War: 431B.C. – 404 B.C. Resentment towards Athenian domination Conflict between Athens and Sparta Athens couldn’t attack inland Sparta with its navy Sparta’s superior army attacks and destroys Athens Plague kills 1/3 of Athenians, including Pericles

Aftermath of Peloponnesian War Sparta is victorious Golden Age of Athens ends Left Greek city-states weak and vulnerable to invasion from Macedonia

Alexander’s origins Father, King Philip II, conquered Greek city- states Born in Pella, Macedonia Tutored by the Greek philosopher, Aristotle

Alexander The Great King Philip II murdered in 336 B.C Alexander becomes King of Macedonia at age 20 Gradually expands his army eastward to the Indus River Valley Alexander conquered the Persian empire and controlled the largest empire the world has ever seen. Alexander dies in 323 B.C. at age of 32

Alexander’s Empire after death Divided into 5 sections Three main sections: Kingdom of Ptolemy Egypt Kingdom of Selecus Parts of Persia and India Kingdom of Antigonus Asia Minor

Alexander spread Hellenistic culture throughout Asia. Hellenistic: culture formed from blending Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian cultures. Created many new cities Such as Alexandria, Egypt Alexander spread Greek technology, culture, and ideas throughout his empire cultural diffusion