Distribution and characterization of soil organic carbon under different ecosystems of Red and Laterite zone of West Bengal P. K. Patra, Sajal Saha*,

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Presentation transcript:

Distribution and characterization of soil organic carbon under different ecosystems of Red and Laterite zone of West Bengal P. K. Patra, Sajal Saha*, Dipsikha Chakraborty and S. K. Ghosh Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B.C.K.V., Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal- 741252 *Email: sajalsaha.saha@gmail.com INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil organic carbon (SOC) being an important index of soil quality playing a crucial role in sustaining crop productivity and environmental quality, its augmentation and conservation at equilibrium level is a frontal challenge of resource management for the purpose of maintaining productivity of soils . The total SOC per se may not be so important but its different pools differing in their susceptibility to oxidative forces, act as sensitive indicators of the impact of management practices that are important for crop productivity and maintain soil quality. To make the programme for restoration of soil quality through soil organic carbon (SOC) management successful, comprehensive knowledge on SOC stocks forms an essential prerequisite. The present work was undertaken to characterize different fractions of organic carbon distributed in three soil depths viz., 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm, under six ecosystems of six soil series collected from Red and Laterite Zone of West Bengal. Triplicate soil samples collected from each site were analyzed for their physico-chemical properties viz., pH and CEC; particle size analysis for determining textural class; total carbon content, organic carbon content and different fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) on the basis of their oxidisability following standard methods. All variables were statistically analysed following methods meant for Incomplete Factorial Completely Randomised Design (CRD) DETAILS OF INITIAL SOIL Series Location GPS location Elevation Land Use Pattern Classification Typifying pedon Jhargram Vill- Jhargram P.S- Jhargram Dist-Medinipur 22°27Ń lat. 87°00É long. 174 ft Rice up land (L1) Rice medium land (L2) Rice low land (L3) Fallow land (L4) Eucalyptus forest (L5) Mango orchard land (L6) Fine-loamy, mixed, Hyperthermic, Ultic Paleustalfs Fine loam Saripabasa Vill-Saripabasa P.S- Belpahari 22°38Ń lat. 86°44É long. 445 ft Sal forest (L5) Cashew orchard land (L6) Loamy mixed, huperthermic, Lithic Ustochrepts Clay loam Dhanchia Vill- Dhanchia P.S- Goaltor 22°44Ń lat. 87°15É long. 181 ft Fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Ultic Paleustalfs Sandy loam Kushmasuli Vill- Kushmasuli 22°43Ń lat. 87°17É long. 203 ft Fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Rhodic Paleustalfs Barakadra Vill- Barakadra 22°42Ń lat. 87°13É long. 211 ft Fine, mixed, hyperthermic, Aquic Haplustalfs Loam Ruisanda Vill- Ruisanda P.S- Kharagpur 22°22Ń lat. 87°21É long. 221 ft Fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Vertic Endoasqualfs OBJECTIVES To study the present status of different fractions of soil organic carbon at different depths (0-15 cm., 15-30 cm. and 30-45 cm.) of six soil series under six ecological situations from one of the less productive agro-climatic zone i.e. the red and laterite zone of West Bengal. To study the relationships among different forms of carbon with some relevant physico-chemical characteristics of the soil. RESULTS All the studied parameters of the six soil series under different ecosystems differed significantly (F< 0.05) Soil Series (S) pH EC (dS m-1) OC (%) T_C Pool_1 Pool_2 Pool_3 Pool_4 Active_ Pool Passsive _Pool Lability _Ind Available l_N (kg ha-1) Jhargram (S1) 5.99cd 0.07c 0.396d 1.642f 0.230c 0.099d 0.067c 1.246a 0.329d 1.313f 0.591c 175.5b Saripbasa (S2) 6.07b 0.471b 1.848c 0.250b 0.111c 0.110b 1.377c 0.361b 1.487d 0.600b 173.6d Dhamcha (S3) 6.04bc 0.09a 0.323e 1.764e 0.145e 0.068e 1.441b 0.214e 1.551c 0.390f 172.1a Kushmasali (S4) 5.94d 0.09ab 0.514a 1.811d 0.267a 0.126a 0.121a 1.297d 0.393a 1.419e 0.654a 173.8cd Barakadra (S5) 6.01c 0.445c 1.893b 0.212d 0.116b 0.117ab 1.448b 0.328d 1.565b 0.515e 174.0c Ruisanda (S6) 6.43a 0.08b 0.477b 1.939a 0.231c 0.120b 1.462a 0.351c 1.588a 0.549d 177.8a F Test *** Ecosystems (ES) Rice Upland (ES1) 6.29a 0.08a 0.448c 1.801d 0.226c 0.123a 0.100d 1.353b 0.349b 1.453c 0.573b 185.6a Rice Medium Land (ES2) 6.28a 0.08ab 0.464b 1.921b 0.246b 0.109c 0.109bc 1.458a 0.355a 1.567ab 0.559c 181.8b Rice Low Land (ES3) 6.25a 0.479a 1.936a 0.243b 1.457a 0.359a 1.577a 0.564c 178.1c Fallow (ES4) 5.48d 0.325e 1.570f 0.156e 0.081f 0.088e 1.245c 0.237d 1.333d 0.458e 153.9f Forest (ES5) 5.69c 0.459b 1.680e 0.254a 0.105cd 1.221d 0.354a 1.325d 0.661a 170.2d Orchard (ES6) 6.16b 0.411d 1.859c 0.202d 0.093e 0.115ab 1.448a 0.296c 1.563b 0.493d 168.0e NS Depth of Sampling (D) 0-15 cm (D1) 6.03a 0.454a 1.895a 0.234a 0.108a 0.113a 1.441a 0.341a 1.554a 0.555a 187.0 15-30 cm (D2) 6.06a 0.432b 1.828b 0.222b 0.106b 0.103b 1.396b 0.329b 1.499b 0.542b 174.3 30-45 cm (D3) 6.07a 0.418c 1.687c 0.213c 0.103c 0.101c 1.269c 0.316c 1.371c 0.563c 161.7 METHODS ADOPTED Parameters Methods pH Jackson(1967) Soil Texture (Mechanical Analysis) Bouyoucos, 1962 CEC Schollenberger and Simon ,1945 Oxidisable Organic Carbon Walkley and Black ,1973 Available Nitrogen Subbiah and Asija,1956 DISCUSSION Among six soil series Clay content ranged from 6.1% to 44.3% Soils were acidic with pH values ranging from 5.94 to 6.43 Low CEC [c mol (p+) kg-1 soil] ranging from 4.10 to 23.59 Organic carbon content (%) of all the soils ranging from 0.323 to 0.514 were below the minimum threshold limit of 0.63% Pool_1 SOC (%) ranged from 0.145 to 0.267 Pool_2 SOC (%) ranged from 0.068 to 0.126 Pool_3 SOC (%) ranged from 0.067 to 0.126 Pool_4 SOC (%) ranged from 1.246 to 1.462 Total carbon content (%) ranged from 1.642 to 1.939 Among six ecosystems Clay content ranged from 7.95% to 11.16% pH values ranged from 5.48 to 6.29 , i.e acidic CEC [c mol (p+) kg-1 soil] ranged from 7.95 to 11.16 Organic carbon content (%) ranged from 0.325 to 0.479 Pool_1 SOC (%) ranged from 0.156 to 0.254 Pool_2 SOC (%) ranged from 0.081 to 0.123 Pool_3 SOC (%) ranged from 0.088 to 0.121 Pool_4 SOC (%) ranged from 1.221 to 1.458 Total carbon content (%) ranged from 1.570 to 1.936 CONCLUSION Severe soil erosion owing to the undulating topography of this region resulted in such lower values of different fractions of organic carbon in this eco-region. Low clay content of the soils also led to less stabilization of carbon and low or no application of organic manures also have contributed to such low values. Integrated application of organic manures/crop residues along with balanced application of chemical fertilisers and low cost liming materials becomes utmost necessity in these soils. Proper management of soil health may also call for selecting appropriate cropping pattern including both cereals and legumes in sequence. The complexity of the nature of soils, also pointed out to the need for making inventory of the different available resources, both natural and social, to develop technology for specific areas for conserving soil carbon and improve soil health.