Citation and referencing Quoting or reporting (referring indirectly to) sources Acknowledging sources in-text Providing full publication details of these sources in a reference list.

Direct quotation Including the exact words from the original text. Must be accurate Keep to a minimum Common uses: Definitions Exemplification Introducing an author’s viewpoint Conclusion of a discussion Explanation A particularly effective turn of phrase.

Direct quotation (Harvard system) The reference (i.e. the author’s name, year of book/journal publication: page number). The reference should be placed either immediately after the author’s name: The aim of reflective learning is, as Gould (1996:1) puts it, ‘to understand how social workers make judgements and decisions in domains which are uncertain and complex’. or, it can come immediately after the quote: The aim of reflective learning is ‘to understand how social workers make judgements and decisions in domains which are uncertain and complex’ (Gould, 1996: 1).

Indirect quotation or Reporting (referring indirectly to a source) Own words (paraphrasing) Reflect accurately the original Often involves summarizing + simplifying This must also be thoroughly referenced in the text (in-text referencing).

Reference list All publications mentioned in your essay. Author (surname and initial) date of publication Title of publication place of publication publisher Alphabetical order according to the author’s surname.