Subject- Carbon compounds Name- Tikale Jagadish Ganesh Narsinha Vidyalaya Ranjani Std-10th Sub- Sci and tech.

AMAZING WORLD OF CARBON COMPOUNDS 1 HYDROCARBONS-THE FUNDAMENTAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 2 SATURATED AND UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS 3 FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 4 NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 5 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 6 SOAPS AND DETERGENTS

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To recall previous year knowledge about carbon and its allotropes. To inform about hydrocarbons as source of fuel. To show how carbon can form large number of compounds. To appreciate how the thousands of organic compounds are classified and specifically named. To understand how chemical and physical properties of some organic compounds are useful to mankind.

LEARNING OUTPUT Students will be able to understand importance of organic compounds in day to day life. Students will get information regarding classification of organic compounds. Students will acquire knowledge and importance of naming organic compounds systematically. Students will understand the use of chemical reactions to produce useful products.

INTRODUCTION OUTLINE OF CONTENT ( in short what we are going to learn in this topic) USEFUL PRODUCTS IN DAY- TO-DAY LIFE FUEL, FOOD, SOAPS & DETERGENTS, COSMETICS Fuel 1) COAL 2) HYDROCARBONS

FUEL TYPES OF FUELS SOURCES: CONVENTIONAL & NON CONVENTIONAL CARBON AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS MAIN SOURCE OF FUEL HYDROCARBON AS BETTER SOURCE OF FUEL WE WILL REVISE CARBON

CARBON CONTENT ALLOTROPES OF CARBON 1 DIAMOND 2 GRAPHITE 3 COAL ADDITIONAL: 8 FORMS OF CARBON

Eight allotropes of carbon: a) Diamond, b) Graphite, c) Lonsdaleite, d) C-60 (Buckminsterfullerene or buckyball), e) C-540, f) C-70, g) Amorphous carbon, and h) single-walled carbon nanotube or bucky tube.

CARBON COMPOUNDS FORMS COMPOUNDS WITH MANY ELEMENTS OXYGEN (CO2), HYDROGEN (CH4 ) Metals (CaC2 ) WHY CARBON COMPOUNDS ARE NUMEROUS IN NUMBER? CATENATION VALENCY (COVALENT BOND)

SIMPLEST ORGANIC COMPOUNDS HYDROCARBONS SOURCES LPG, CNG, PETROLEUM, BIO GAS MARSH GAS METHANE

C2H6

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES 1) General formula 2) Similar chemical properties 3) Difference of - CH2- 4) Gradual changes in physical properties

Molecules made of Hydrogen and Carbon Carbon forms four bonds, hydrogen forms one bond Hydrocarbons come in three different homologous series: Alkanes (single bond between C’s, saturated) Alkenes (1 double bond between 2 C’s, unsaturated) Alkynes (1 triple bond between 2 C’s, unsaturated) These are called aliphatic, or open-chain, hydrocarbons

Alkane: names end in ane C n H 2n+ 2 CH4 = Methane C2H6 = Ethane Difference of CH2 C3H8 = Propane C4H10 = Butane C5H12 = Pentane To find the number of hydrogen's, double the number of carbons and add 2

alkyne alkene C H e t h y n ( a c l ) 3C Prop 4C But 5C Pent 6C Hex C n H 2n C n H 2n -2 3C Propyne 4C Butyne 5C Pentyne 6C Hexyne 3C Propene 4C Butene 5C Pentene 6C Hexene

ISOMERISM DEFINITION POSSIBLE SKELETON -c- -c-c- -c-c-c- -c-c-c-c- -c-c-c- -c-c-c-c-c-

Possible Isomers of Pentane -c-c-c-c-c- 4) –c-c-c-c 2) -c-c-c-c- c c 5) -c-c-c-c 3) –c-c-c-c- c c c 6) c c c 1 + 1 + 1 = 3

NOMENCLATURE 1. Selection of Longest Carbon Chain 2. lowest possible number to side chains

FOR PRACTICE What are the possible isomers of Hexane? Write their structures and IUPAC names.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBONS SUBSTITUTION ADDITION COMBUSTION

ETHYL ALCOHOL SODIUM 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 PHOSPHORUS TRI CHLORIDE (PCl3) C2H5 OH + Cl C2H5Cl C2H5 OH + P Cl C2H5Cl + H3PO3 C2H5 OH + Cl C2H5Cl

ETHANOIC ACID HALOGEN CH3 COOH + CI2 CH2CICOOH + HCI monochloro acetic acid CH2 ClCOOH + CI2 CHCI2COOH + HCI dichloro acetic acid CHCI2 COOH + CI2 CCI3COOH + HCI Trichloro acetic acid METAL 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH3COONa + H2 ALCOHOL CH3COOH + C2H5OH ZnCl2 CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

SOAPS AND DETERGENTS