PBIO 4500/5500: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Welcome! Complete the student information form. Tell the class about you. All the course information is on the course web site; I do not use Blackboard. Let’s go over the syllabus. Get the 5th Edition of Molecular Biotechnology. Any questions?

Chapter 1 - The Development of Molecular Biotechnology Molecular Biology/Biotechnology terminology Milestones in molecular biotechnology Model organisms for molecular/cellular biology Transcription and translation Prokaryotic gene organization & expression

Terminology Molecular biology-the study of biology on a molecular level including the structure, function, and makeup of biologically important molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins Recombinant DNA technology-a set of techniques for manipulating DNA, including: the identification and cloning of genes; the study of the expression of cloned genes; and the production of large quantities of gene product Genetic engineering-the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification Biotechnology-production of goods and services using biological organisms, systems, and processes Molecular biotechnology-rDNA technology + biotechnology

Table 1.1

Table 1.1 (Continued)

Many scientific disciplines contribute to molecular biotechnology, which generates a wide range of commercial products. Figure 1.1

Model Systems for Molecular/Cellular Biology https://www. dnalc Viruses Bacteria (E. coli) Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Round worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) Planarian (Schmidtea mediterranea) Alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) Mouse (Mus musculus)

Figure 1.13 Each model experimental organism used in molecular and cell biology has advantages for certain types of studies.

FIGURE 1-22 Each eukaryotic organism used in cell biology has advantages for certain types of studies. Model unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms have distinct advantages for investigation of fundamental cell processes.

TABLE 1-2 Genome Sizes of Organisms Used in Molecular Cell Biology Research That Have Been Completely Sequenced E. coli grow in environments as diverse as soil and the human gut. Eubacteria and Archaea have fewer genes than single-cell and multicellular eukaryotes. E. coli – model organism used to investigate common cell activities such as gene regulation and membrane transport found in other organisms.

Central Dogma of Biology transcription translation DNA RNA Protein $$$ reverse transcription Molecular Biotechnology DNA replication

Chemical structure of DNA & RNA

Chemical structure of dsDNA

Chemical structure of dsDNA

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Expression

In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase binds to the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter relative to the start site of transcription (+1) promoter operator

Prokaryotic Gene Structure Eukaryotic Gene Structure Enhancers/ silencers