The Human Skeletal System

Types of Skeletons Exoskeleton – outside skeleton Endoskeleton- inside skeleton

Function of the Skeletal System Supports –the body and gives it shape Protects –organs such as the heart and lungs Enables movement Storage of calcium and phosphorous Produces blood cells in the marrow ****

Cartilage Tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue Functions: support Cushioning of joints Cartilage makes up most of the embryo’s skeleton Baby is born with 300 bones by the time he is 25 they fuse and then there is 206

The Bones There are 206 bones in the human body. Born with 300. They fuse up to age 25,when growth plates fully harden (ossify). Growth plates are located at the ends of long bones. Bones are LIVING (your bones do mend themselves)

Joints, Tendons & Ligaments The place where two or more bones join together. Joints can be movable and immovable. Being double jointed only means that there is more mobility at the joints. Ligaments are tough connective tissue that connect bone to bone and prevent the joint from moving in the wrong direction. (Legos connect only to other Legos ) L to L- Lego to Lego, B to B- Bone to Bone Tendons attach muscle to bone.

5 Basic Joints Name Movable or Immovable Type of Movement Example Suture (interlocking) Immovable None Bones of the Cranium Pivot joint Movable Cranium to Neck Ball and Socket Joint Shoulder Hips Hinge Joint Elbow Knee Gliding Joint Ankle,wrist Ribs Vertebrae

Malfunctions of the Locomotion system Arthritis: joint inflammation-There are over 100 different types of arthritis. Tendonitis : tendon inflammation at bone junctures. Happens because of poor oxygen and nutrient supply to area. ( a common condition in athletes because of overuse) Carpal Tunnel - a narrow, rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand - houses the median nerve and tendons. The nerve is compressed which causes pain and numbness

Knee Anatomy http://www.wefixbones.net/patient-education/knee/knee-anatomy/ This site shows the parts of the knee bones, Cartilage-torn meniscus-is torn cartilage tendons- tentonitis Ligaments-torn ACL,PCL,(located inside joint-no blood flow) MCL-outside-has blood flow