The Sun and its hidden powerhouse

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Presentation transcript:

The Sun and its hidden powerhouse

Physical properties 1: density Units: mass/volume Grams/cc water…1 grams/cc rock… about 3 grams/cc Lead…11.3 grams/cc

Physical properties 2: temperature Units: degrees centrigrade Temperature Kelvin: degrees C above absolute zero Temperature of this room: 295K Boiling point of water: 373 K Surface temperature of Sun: 5800K

Distribution of density inside the Sun

Distribution of temperature inside the Sun

The interior of the Sun is a region of extreme physical conditions

Next topic: what is the luminosity of the Sun telling us? Luminosity = 3.847X1026 Watts What fuel cycle could provide this? What fuel cycle could provide this for the lifetime of the Sun?

Say it with equations! (easy ones) Luminosity = power =energy/time Energy=powerXtime Time=energy/power Let’s see how long we could keep the Sun shining with a known, powerful energy source

Coal Coal runs civilization Energy content: 24 MegaJoules/kilogram= 2.4X107 Joules/kg If the Sun were made of coal, how long could it “burn”, providing its current power or luminosity?

Mass of Sun = 2X1030 kilograms Power and the Sun Mass of Sun = 2X1030 kilograms Total energy content of “coal Sun”=(2X1030)X(2.4X107) =4.8X1037 Joules Time the Sun could “keep this up” = energy/luminosity =4.8X1037/3.8X1026=1.3X1011 seconds Is this a lot or a little????

A strong conclusion: energy drawn from coal burning, or any other chemical reaction, is grossly inadequate to power the Sun over geological timescales

Some vastly more powerful energy source (than chemical reactions) must be occurring in the Sun and stars

A microscopic view of chemical reactions: interactions of the electron cloud

Nuclear reactions: interactions among the nuclei (Figure 17.2)

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