PD/H/PE Semester 2 Study Notes By Andrew Newbound © Andrew Newbound 2013

Any chemical substance, which when taken into the body, alters its function Chemical change can be physical or physiological What is a Drug © Andrew Newbound 2013

Types of Drugs Groups Effects Examples Stimulants Speeds up chemicals in the brain Caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy, amphetamines Depressants Slows down activity of brain and nervous system Alcohol, cannabis, methadone, tranquilizers, codeine, morphine, heroine Hallucinates Alter senses, hallucination LSD, magic mushroom (psylocibin), PCP, high doses of cannabis and ecstasy Types of Drugs © Andrew Newbound 2013

Patterns of Drug Use Who Where When Why 16yo (year old) boy School Infected foot Repair foot 14yo boy BBQ Family birthday Felt like it 19yo male In car Driving to movies 20yo student Stressed ‘Unstress’ 25yo athlete Olympic Games Competing To win Patterns of Drug Use © Andrew Newbound 2013

Drug Stats 1 in 5 deaths in Australia – caused by drugs Tobacco + Alcohol – 96% of drug related deaths 39% of people use illegal drugs 1 in 3 deaths in people aged 15-34 – caused by drugs Drug Stats © Andrew Newbound 2013

Why People Use Drugs Social Emotional Ill Addicted Effects Improve performance Why People Use Drugs © Andrew Newbound 2013

Why People Don’t Use Drugs Know what it can do Responsibilities Medical They will be fine Religion Price Why People Don’t Use Drugs © Andrew Newbound 2013

Effects of Using Drugs Legal Economic Health Getting arrested Fined Criminal Record Death Going broke Losing Australia’s economy Get money Overdose Being killed Injuring yourself and others Physiological Heart Cancer Hallucination Addiction Effects of Using Drugs © Andrew Newbound 2013

Effects of Drugs Medication Tobacco Alcohol Cannabis Short Term Keep you alive Pain relief Varies with medication Overdose Death Smelly breath Faster heat beat Brain activity reduced Slowing Blurred vision Hangover Drunk Smell Psychoactive High Intoxication Stress relief Respiratory failure Hallucinations Long Term Addiction Kidney problems Shortness of breath Persistent cough Cancer Heart attack Stroke Liver damage Anxiety Depression Scitsafrenia Bronchitis Effects of Drugs © Andrew Newbound 2013

Drug Classifications Drugs Legal Prescription Over the counter Illegal © Andrew Newbound 2013

Drug Classifications Legal Illegal (Illicit) Allowed By Law (but sometimes with restrictions) E.g. alcohol, tobacco, caffeine Illegal (Illicit) Prohibited by law E.g. heroin, marijuana, cocaine, LSD Drug Classifications © Andrew Newbound 2013

Drug Classifications Prescription Over the counter Ordered by doctor/dentist Bought at a chemist, checked by a pharmacist E.g. antibiotics, sedatives, tranquilizers Over the counter Don’t need a prescription Get some from chemist, super market E.g. panadol (analgesics), cough mixture, laxatives Drug Classifications © Andrew Newbound 2013

Guidelines For Using Medication Prescription medication – only used by the person whom they have been directly prescribed Medications should only be consumed in the dosage and the method outlined on the prescription/packet Leftover medication – disposed of correctly Never take out of date medication Guidelines For Using Medication © Andrew Newbound 2013

Outlines For Using Medication Stored – In a cabinet that is high and can be locked and cannot be accessed inappropriately Do not mix with alcohol or other drugs Check with doctor in advance about possible side effects Outlines For Using Medication © Andrew Newbound 2013

Smoking Is the number 1 killer in Australia today What is a cigarette? Contains more that 4000 chemicals, many poisonous and carcinogenic (cause cancer) Tar: sticky brown substance – stains smokers fingers, teeth, lungs. Carcinogenic Nicotine: the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. Increases heart rate and blood pressure, makes blood vessels under the skin narrow Carbon Monoxide: odourless, tasteless gas. Reduces amount of oxygen carried in the blood. Can lead to heart disease Smoking © Andrew Newbound 2013

Effects of Smoking Body Part Effects of Smoking (Short/Long term) Brain Stroke (L), less oxygen (s) Eyes Blindness (L) watery (S) bloodshot (S) Nose Runny (S) More colds (S) loss of smell (L) Ear Less accurate hearing (L) Mouth Gum disease (L) tooth loss (L) Smelly breath (S) Stained Teeth (L) Tumours Mouth (L), Brain (L), Throat (L), Lungs (L) Stomach (L) Effects of Smoking © Andrew Newbound 2013

Effects of Smoking Body Part Effects of Smoking (Long/Short Term) Lungs Emphysema (hard lungs)(L) Less Oxygen (S) Heart Coronary heart disease (L), increased heart rate (S), increased blood pressure (S), heart attack (L) Stomach Ulcers (L), decreased appetite (S) Blood Cells Thickened blood (L) destroyed blood cells (S), red blood cells carry less oxygen (S) Fertility Infertility (L), impotence (L) Bones Osteoporosis(Brittle bones) (L), weakened (L), cancer(L), decreased blood flow(L), Feet/Toes Gangrene (PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD) Fingers Stained Effects of Smoking © Andrew Newbound 2013

Every Cigarette Is Doing You Damage Cut open blood vessels – can tell if they are a smoker Damage – starts from 1st, worsens Stop smoking – rate of worsening slows Every Cigarette Is Doing You Damage © Andrew Newbound 2013

Passive Smoking Breathing in smoke from people around you Also called 2nd hand smoke Increases rate of: sudden infant death syndrome Otis media (glue ear) Risk for reduced lung function Contributes to symptoms of asthma Passive Smoking © Andrew Newbound 2013

Standard Drinks 10grams of alcohol Full strength beer 250mL Type Amount Full strength beer 250mL Mid Strength Beer 375mL Light Beer 468mL Wine 100mL Spirits 30mL Who? Per day (average) Per day (maximum) Men 4 standard 6 standard Women 2 standard Standard Drinks © Andrew Newbound 2013