CHAPTER 34: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War

Hitler Plunges Europe into War Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister in Great Britain Along with France, no more German territorial demands would be tolerated August, 1939: Hitler signs a Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin Neither would attack the other Divide Poland September, 1939: Hitler invades Poland Blitzkrieg (lightning war) tactics Great Britain and France declare war on Germany

British forces cross the English Channel to help The “phony war” begins then ends in April 1940 with German surprise attacks in n. and w. Europe 338,000 British troops have to evacuate at Dunkirk June 1940 Paris falls to the Nazis while Italy declares war on Great Britain and France, too (they form the Axis Powers) A French “puppet government” is formed in Vichy which cooperated with the Nazis Spring 1941: Britain stands alone

Foch's Carriage The original at the orders of Hitler was moved back to the November 11, 1918 location and used as the venue for executing the French surrender. The car was then moved back to Germany and destroyed at the end of World War II. The present car is considered a very accurate replica of the original.

A Third Term for FDR?

Americans Move Away from Isolationism Japan joins Germany and Italy in an alliance of mutual support The Tripartite Pact signed in September 1940 Now who would have to fight a two front war? Selective Service and Training Act (1940) 1st peacetime draft in American history Lend-Lease to Great Britain (lend, not sell, arms) The U.S. would become the “arsenal of democracy” and “send guns, not sons” to Europe Atlantic Charter (FDR and Churchill) Promise not to use war to expand territory Reaffirm a belief in self-government A new “permanent system of general security” (U.N.)

“Yesterday, December 7th, a date which will live in infamy…” - F.D.R. Japan had tried to establish a “new order in East Asia” The U.S. responded with aid to Japan’s enemies, blocking exports (oil), freezing Japanese assets in U.S. banks At Pearl Harbor, 300 Japanese bombers and fighter planes sank or damaged 18 American ships and 300 aircraft 2400 Americans killed, 1200 wounded

Chapter 35: America in World War II

Women and World War II (“Rosie the Riveter”) New opportunities because of the demand for workers Still faced hostility in male- dominated businesses Were expected to complete their “domestic” duties WAC (Women’s Army Corps) WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service – Navy)

Organizing the American Economy for War The War Production Board The goal: make America the “arsenal of democracy” with conversions of industry Automakers would now make airplanes and tanks Other workers would retrain workers for wartime tasks G.D.P. (gross domestic product) rises rapidly The National War Labor Board manages union leaders and business owners to settle disputes Government spending rises to new levels Taxes account for 45% (“withholding” is introduced) War bonds help in financing the war Office of Price Administration controls prices thereby controlling inflation (too many $ chasing too few goods)