Chapter 13: Nonfuel Minerals Introduction Reserves and Resources Availability of Major Minerals © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Reserves and Resources Figure 13.1: The distinction between reserves and resources is a function of both cost of recovery and degree of certainty. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

U.S. Reliance on Selected Mineral Imports U.S. Net Import U.S. Net Import Bauxite 100 Iron 19 Chromium 78 Lead 24 Cobalt 74 Magnesium 45 Copper 37 Nickel 58 Gold Exporter Platinum 87 See Table 13.1 for total production, major producing regions, and other details. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Availability of Major Minerals Geology of Mineral Deposits Variations in Reserves and Resources World Reserves and Resources U.S. Production and Consumption © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Mineral Prices Figure 13.2: Highly variable pricing of selected minerals for the period 1900 to 2000. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Mineral Production Figure 13.3: Domestic production of many ores has varied greatly over the period 1900 to 2000, but no long-term trend in production is observed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Mining Value Added Figure 13.4: Total value added by nonfuel mineral production, 1997. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e U.S. Metal Mining Figure 13.8a: Major areas of production for non-precious metals. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

U.S. Precious Metal Mining Figure 13.8b: Major areas of production for precious metals. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Strategic Minerals and Stockpiling Cobalt Chromium Manganese Platinum Critical Minerals Copper Nickel Vanadium © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Mining Impacts and Policy Environmental Considerations Social Impacts Nonfuel Minerals Policy © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Conserving Minerals Reuse, Recovery, Recycling Recycling Rate (U.S.) Aluminum 36 Magnesium 39 Chromium 24 Nickel Copper 32 Tin 29 Iron & steel 55 Titanium 50 Lead 63 Zinc 27 See Table 13.2 in text for details. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003

Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e ISSUES 13.1: The New Gold Rush: Prospecting Is Poison 13.2: Living with Boom and Bust © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Exploitation, Conservation, Preservation 4e Cutter and Renwick 2003