Next Week (update to schedule per ‘ice-gate’) Monday/Tuesday Period 6 TEST!! (insert party emoji here) Wednesday/Thursday Introduction to the APUSH DBQ (insert TWO party emojis here!) Friday Intro to Progressives – Four Corners Activity Socratic readings assignments distributed, Due for Socratic on Monday College Credit Information: Baker spring enrollment is now live on the BVW Counseling Website – due 1/29 AP Test enrollment will be presented by Mr. Sone to each AP class in a couple of weeks

Native Americans in Periods 5 & 6

How did we get here? What is the trend of the locations of these conflicts as we move chronologically? What items 1830 and before need ‘refreshing’? 1662-44 Powhatan Wars – Jamestown 1636-37 – Pequot War, New England 1675-76 – King Phillips War, Massachusetts 1680-92**- Pueblo Revolt (against Spanish, not ‘Americans’), New Mexico 1763 – Pontiac’s Rebellion – Appalachian region 1763 – Paxton Boys – Pennsylvania 1785-1795 – Little Turtle’s War –Battle of Fallen Timbers, Northwest Territory (present day Ohio) 1811 – Battle of Tippecanoe, Chief Tecumseh v. WH Harrison, Indiana 1830s – Trail of Tears, Cherokee march West, from east of Mississippi river to Oklahoma 1864 – Sand Creek Massacre, Colorado 1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn - Sioux victory over General Custer (aka Custer’s Last Stand) (Montana) 1877 – Nez Perce War (Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana) 1870s-80s – Decimated Buffalo 1879 – Chief Joseph petitions Congress 1881 – A Century of Dishonor 1887 – Dawes Severalty Act – further reduction and redistribution of Native American land holdings 1890 – Battle at Wounded Knee – South Dakota

Context in the Gilded Age Americans continue to consume natural resources (more on conservation efforts in Period 7) American business and agricultural development require massive tracks of land Indians were already on reservations after being moved west (think Jackson-era) This ‘reserved’ land is now demanded by white settlers leading to more conflicts between the United States settlers and army Post Civil War, the United States Army is redirected from fighting the Confederacy to the Native Americans in the west

Sand Creek Massacre, 1864 (CW ends in ’65) Chief Black Kettle believing his people had amnesty raised the American flag and white flag to General Chivington. Chivington who had faced criticism from the press for not engaging in battle, ordered his troops to attack. 150 Cheyenne were brutally massacred and scalped. 100 of which were women and children… Chivington later faces charges for his involvement in massacre but had already retired from the army at that point so he couldn’t be brought up on criminal charges Damn any man who sympathizes with Indians! ... I have come to kill Indians, and believe it is right and honorable to use any means under God's heaven to kill Indians. ... Kill and scalp all, big and little; nits make lice. — Col. John Milton Chivington

Detail from The Sand Creek Massacre, elk hide painting by Eagle Robe, Eugene J. Ridgely Sr., Northern Arapaho Tribe.

Nez Perce and Chief Joseph When gold was found in the Nez Perce land of Idaho and Oregon Government moved them to reservations. Chief Joseph agreed to go to a reservation in Idaho in 1877. While traveling a few warriors killed some settlers over a horse dispute. Joseph realized retaliation was coming led the tribe to Canada 30 miles short of Canada they were attacked by federal troops. After 4 days of fighting and many women and children killed the Nez Perce surrendered. The Nez Perce were removed to reservations in Oklahoma.

Chief Joseph, Nez Perce “Tell General Howard I Know his heart. What he told me before, I have in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is dead. The Old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes and no. He who lead the young men is dead. It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food; no one knows where they are – perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.”

US Legislation Regarding Native Americans Dawes Severalty Act (1887) – redistributed reservation land 1) to individual Native Americans as opposed to the tribe as a whole with the intent to be on a more European model of farming and/or 2) sold land to white settlers Assimilation Schools – “Kill the Indian, save the man” Haskell University in Lawrence actually opened as an assimilation school “Haskell Indian Industrial Training School”

A Century of Dishonor Helen Hunt Jackson Documented the mistreatment of Native Americans and outlined the broken promises of the United States. “It makes little difference… where one opens the record of the history of Indians; every page and every year has a dark stain.”

Wounded Knee – Dec. 29, 1890 You’re going to think this is nuts but…start here: http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/wounded-knee The Dawes Act changed the Natives way of life and in despair they turned to Wovoka in 1890 The Ghost Dance The reservation officials became alarmed by the dance and arrested Sitting Bull as the leader of the movement. In response the Sioux gathered at a creek called Wounded Knee in South Dakota and were confronted by the army. In the battle 150 Sioux and 25 soldiers were killed. More than 300 Indians killed in minutes The last conflict of the “Indian Wars” https://vimeo.com/112639971

Native American Primary Documents Jigsaw with your group HAP-P each document, getting as specific as possible Ie: do more than say historical context is white people and natives fighting over land Pick one and share out what you see

Crash Course- The American West https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q16OZkgSXfM&index=25&list=P L8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&t=213s