Athens and Attica Sparta and the Peloponnesus.

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Presentation transcript:

Athens and Attica Sparta and the Peloponnesus

Pre-Classical Age Greece: Timeline ca. 1600-1150 Mycenaean period (setting for Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey). Kings promote and exploit commerce and agriculture (palace economy). Palaces, bureaucracy, literacy ca. 1250? Historical basis for Trojan war ca. 1200-1150 Destruction of Mycenaean power (Cause uncertain: Dorian invasion from north? Sea Peoples? Internal warfare between feuding aristocratic clans?). Palaces destroyed, Mycenaean kings and bureaucracy swept away. This led to ….. ca. 1100-750 Dark Ages: ‘disappearance of the palace economy and with it law and order, loss of writing, decrease in trade and population, abandonment of settlements, loss of the fine arts, evidenced especially in pottery.’ Greek peoples colonize islands of the Aegean and coast Turkey 800-750 Sparta conquers Laconia (region around Sparta). ca. 750-500 Archaic Age: Greek colonization of Mediterranean and Black Sea. Kingship gives way to the polis, initially rule by aristocratic rule, which gave way to tyrannies, and in Athens to a democracy. Revival of literacy, fine arts, and literature. ca. 725-650 Composition of the “Homeric” poems, Iliad and Odyssey ca. 725 Sparta conquers neighboring Messenia (sw Peloponnesus). Land supports Spartan nobles families, worked by enslaved Messenian peasants (called helots). ca. 700-500 “Age of Tyrannies.” One man rule replaces aristocratic rule in many poleis ca. 675 “Hoplite Revolution.” Armor and weapons designed to be used in closed ranks (phalanx) ca. 650-625 Revolt of Messenians leads to “Lycurgan” reforms. Spartan-system designed to produced hoplite soldiers to prevent slave revolts. Spartan poet Tyrtaeus 594 Solon’s economic and social reforms in Athens 546-10 Tyranny of Pisistratus and sons in Athens. Overturned in 510 with help of Spartans 508 Cleisthenes institutes democratic reforms in Athens

Growth of the Persian Empire

Homeric warfare depicted on classical vases (top: shield of Heracles, c.540 BCE bottom: Diomedes fights Aeneas, c.480 BCE)

Chigi vase (Corinthian ca. 650)