MODERATE-MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKE IMPACTS GREECE AND TURKEY 1:30 AM local time Friday, July 21, 2017 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA JIT lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: July 21, 2017 More lectures at Disasters Supercourse - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/disasters/BADisasterSupercourse.htm PPT original - http://www.pitt.edu/~super7/55011-56001/55461.ppt

The epicenter of the magnitude 6. 7 earthquake was 11 km (6 The epicenter of the magnitude 6.7 earthquake was 11 km (6.4 miles) from Turkey's coastal city of Bodrum and 16 km (10.1 miles( from the Greek island of Kos.

BODRUM, TURKEY

Kos, with a population estimated at 33,388, is a Greek island, part of the Dodecanese island chain in the southeastern Aegean Sea, off the Anatolian coast of Turkey.

A small tsunami is also attributed to the earthquake.

The event, which caused at least 3 deaths and at least 500 injuries, occurred at a relatively shallow depth of about 10 km (6.2 miles) at 1:30 a.m. on Friday morning, according to the United States Geological Survey.

A shallow depth tends to exacerbate damage to buildings and infrastructure.

RUBBLE FROM DAMAGED BUILDINGS: KOS

GUESTS SLEEPING OUTSIDE RESORT HOTEL

DAMAGE TO SAINT NICHOLAS CHURCH

DAMAGE TO CHURCH

INJURED AWAITING EM. MEDICAL TREATMENT: BODRUM

DAMAGE IN BODRUM

DAMAGE TO BOATS IN HARBOR

LEARNING FROM GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE DISASTER LABORATORIES

YOUR COMMUNITY MONITORING ACCEPTABLE RISK HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION YOUR COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EM RESPONSE RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS 16

TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/LOSS FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES GLOBAL “DISASTER LABORATORIES” FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

LESSON: THE KNOWLEDGE AND TIMING OF ANTICIPATORY ACTIONS IS VITAL The people who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., strong ground motion, soil effects, tsunami wave run up, ground failure), 2) where and when they will happen, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare for them will survive.

LESSON: TIMELY, REALISTIC DISASTER SCENARIOS SAVE LIVES The people who have timely, realistic, advance information that facilitates reduction of vulnerabilities, and hence the risks associated with strong ground shaking, tsunami wave run up, and ground failure will survive.

LESSON: EMERGENCY RESPONSE SAVES LIVES The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations, especially the search and rescue operations that are limited to “the golden 48 hours.”

LESSON: EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS SAVES LIVES The local community’s capacity for emergency health care (i,e., coping with damaged hospitals and medical facilities, lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality) is vital for survival.

LESSON: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERED BUILDINGS SAVE LIVES Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from an earthquake’s strong ground shaking and ground failure that cause damage, collapse, and loss of function, is vital for protecting occupants and users from death and injury.

LESSON: THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ALWAYS PROVIDES AID The International Community provides millions to billions of dollars in relief to help “pick up the pieces, ” but this strategy is not enough by itself to ensure earthquake disaster resilience.

PILLARS OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE Preparedness Protection: Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Earthquake Engineering Building Code and Lifeline Standards Prevention: Land Use Planning and Base Isolation

PILLARS OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE (continued) Monitoring Realistic Earthquake Disaster Scenarios Timely Emergency Response (including search and Rescue and Emergency Medical Services) Cost-Effective Recovery and Reconstruction

THE CHALLENGE: CHANGING EXISTING POLICIES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE