A Complement to Maps, Graphs & Charts Concepts Book Concepts for Grades 5-8 Let’s Go! ©2013 Hexco Academic

Why is this important? Could you survive if … … you went on a hike that was 4 hours long? What questions would you ask before you leave? INTRODUCTION If you are looking at a map and know that certain trail up a steep hill took two hours and was three miles long, a road twice as long would require more preparation. On a longer road, you might need to bring additional water, snacks, and perhaps even some first aid items in case of an emergency. A map that shows elevation can help you decide whether to wear mittens or shorts. Knowing how to read a map can introduce you to new adventures and can help you make good choices to keep you safe and healthy. ©2013 Hexco Academic

Questions you could ask What is the longitude and latitude? What’s the average temperature this time of year? What is the terrain like? Can I call my mom if I get lost? Is there drinking water on the trail? No. ©2013 Hexco Academic

Graphs, Charts and Table Data Which region sold the most in the first quarter? Fig. 8 Quarterly sales stacked bar chart. This type of chart makes it easy to compare regions against each other. First, break down the question. Here’s the first quarter. Now, see if you can answer the question! ©2013 Hexco Academic

Estimate the 2nd and 3rd quarter sales for South. 1 2 3 4 Method 2: Estimate in Sections: 2,500 Write in your first minor gridline. The little space between $0 and the next line is $2,500. In section “A” there are about 4 of those spaces. You have just calculated section “A” by estimating in sections. $2,500 X 4 = $10,000 ©2013 Hexco Academic

Line Graph Name 3 unique things about this chart There is also This line graph was made using the same data as the stacked bar chart in the previous section. Name 3 unique things about this chart The x-axis title is not needed because “quarterly” is in the chart title! There is also no title for the x-axis. The line graph (Fig. 14) looks very different from the stacked bar chart in the previous section, but they were created using the same data. When you are looking at any chart, take the time to assess all of the details before trying to answer questions about what you see. To practice this concept, take note of everything you see on the line chart (Fig. 14). Notice that the title contains the word "Trends." (Discuss what a trend is). The y-axis title indicates the values are Euros (a currency used in many European nations). There is also no title for the x-axis. Since the graph title uses the word "Quarterly," and there are four sections on the x-axis labeled 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th it is clear that these labels represent quarters (there are four quarters in a year). This chart also does not have minor-gridlines, but it is easy to draw in a midpoint line using a pencil and ruler if you need one. ©2013 Hexco Academic

If section “B” has a value of $20.00, what is the whole pie worth? ©2013 Hexco Academic

Figure out the starting and closing points of Widgets Corp. Widgets Corp started the day at about 45 points (In stocks, the start of the day is called the opening, and the end of the day is called the closing.) Open is represented by the diamond. Widgets Corp closed or ended the day at 80 points. The solid black box connecting the Open and Close symbols indicates that the stocks closed at a higher value than where they opened. This is good. Widgets Corp closed at its highest value. Gadgets Inc. also closed higher than they began, but did not close at their highest point which is 70. This indicates that Gadgets Inc. started low, went high, and then came down. Whatnots' stock prices went up and down. The dashed line indicates that Whatnots has a lower close (end value) than open (start value). In stocks, this is not good. Did you notice that the y-axis on Figure 21 does not start at 0? There is no rule that says a chart axis must start at zero, so it is important to check that value. Also, if a line extends below the x-axis, and the x-axis is a zero line, the numbers below it represent a negative value. Figure out the starting and closing points of Widgets Corp. ©2013 Hexco Academic

40°N, 90°E Coordinates Latitude comes first, then longitude. EXAMPLE: When latitude and longitude are used together, they create a numbered measurement called coordinates. Can you find this on a map or globe? ©2013 Hexco Academic

Latitude/Longitude Grid What are the coordinates of these three shapes? - Circle - Triangle - Square When latitude and longitude are used together, they create a numbered measurement called coordinates. The circle is 20°N, 30°E. The triangle 10°S, 60°W and the square is 6°N, 40°E. Finding the coordinates for the square is a little tricky because it is not on a marked line. ©2013 Hexco Academic