Session 9: Geological Natural Hazards These sessions will introduce the basic natural processes, historical geographic ranges, and potential impacts of the natural hazards that are not as unique to the coastal zone. (Source: USGS) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 1, Lecture Outline

Introduction: Geological Hazards in the Coastal Zone Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in Sessions 8 and 9 can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well. The following geological natural hazards will be discussed in this session: Earthquakes Volcanoes Landslides Subsidence Dam Failures (Source:http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~hyperwww/subsidence.jpg) (Source:http://www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca/images/minjpg/volcano.jpg) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 2, Introduction

What is an Earthquake? (Source: FEMA) (Source: USGS) (Source: www. gpsinfo.ru/news/ 2003_1/images/earthquake.jpg ) (Source: NASA) Tectonic activity can result in motion and cracks on the earth’s surface along many coastlines (Source: USGS) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 3, Earthquakes

What is a Volcano? Types of volcanic eruptions include: Icelandic Hawaiian Strombolian Vulcanian Vesuvian Pelean May 17, 1980 Mount St. Helens before, during and after its May 18, 1980 Pelean-type eruption Volcanoes are often found in coastal areas 1983 May 18, 1980 (Source: USGS & NASA) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 4, Volcanoes

What is a Landslide? (Source: http://www.sheehanpipeline.com/images/landslide.jpg) (Source: USGS) Landslides (also called Debris Flows) occur when masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 5, Landslides

What is Subsidence? The results of subsidence, mine collapse, and sink holes are similar (Source: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/geosurvey/geo_fact/geo_f12.htm) World view of subsidence in large cities (Source: www.mhhe.com) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 6, Subsidence

Use the link provided above to watch a simulation of a dam failure. What is a Dam Failure? http://simscience.org/cracks/movies/superman.mov Use the link provided above to watch a simulation of a dam failure. Dam failures are the result of structural weakening that causes the dam to crack, allow water to enter the structure and eventually break through to release the water stored behind it. (Source: http://simscience.org) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 7, Dam Failure

Earthquake Disasters (Source: FEMA) Earthquakes can cause large amounts of fatalities and structural destruction. Over 60 people died in a single California earthquake in 1994. (Source: http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist/pix49.html) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 8, Earthquake Disasters

Volcano Disasters (Source: USGS, http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/Volcanoes/framework.html ) A volcano can destroy forests, property, infrastructure, and spread ash. Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 9, Volcano Disasters

Landslide Disasters Landslides cause $ 1-2 million in damages each year in the US (Source: Time) (Source: USGS) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 10, Landslide Disasters

Subsidence Disasters (Source: http://www.sewerhistory.org/images/mi/mid/mid_spdwy01.jpg) (Source: http://www.phillyblast.com/Allentown/sinkhole.htm) Coastal zone subsidence will increase as coastal populations increase and groundwater aquifer supply decreases (Source: USGS ) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 11, Subsidence Disasters

Dam Failure Disasters Before and after photographs of the St. Francis Dam Break of 1928. This event killed 470+ people due to the 180-foot high wall of water that rushed forward into the Santa Clarita Valley of California. (Source: http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/stfrancis.htm ) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 12, Dam Failure Disasters