Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850) Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England

Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850) Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England Learning Objectives Describe the relationship between Parliament and the monarchy under the Tudors and Stuarts. Explain how English government developed after the English Civil War. Identify the causes of the Glorious Revolution and the ideas contained in the English Bill of Rights. Identify the characteristics of limited monarchy and constitutional government in England.

Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850) Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England Key Terms James I dissenters Puritans Charles I Oliver Cromwell English Bill of Rights limited monarchy constitutional government cabinet prime minister oligarchy

Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament During the age of absolutism, English monarchs, like rulers on the continent, tried to increase royal power and claim the divine right to rule. Their efforts, however, ran into the obstacle of Parliament, which during the Middle Ages had acquired the power of the purse. Only Parliament could grant monarchs the funds they needed to pursue their ambitions. And Parliament at times stood firm against royal absolutism.

Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament Henry VIII Broke with Church of England Believed in Divine Right but worked with Parliament Elizabeth I Likewise, worked with Parliament Both of Tudor family

Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament Henry VIII consulted with Parliament frequently. Here, he presides as chairman over the House of Lords.

Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament Elizabeth died childless in 1603. The throne passed to her relatives the Stuarts, the ruling family of Scotland. The Stuarts were neither as popular as the Tudors nor as skillful in dealing with Parliament. They also inherited problems that Henry and Elizabeth had long suppressed. The result was a “century of revolution” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against Parliament.

Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament James I Asserts Divine Right Monarch passed to Stuarts and James I Clashed with dissenter Puritans Charles I Clashes with Parliament Banished Parliament Raised taxes The Long Parliament Begins Refused to dissolve Executed some of Kings officials Had to flee when King sent army

Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament James I, the first Stuart king of England, ruled England from 1603 to 1625.

The English Civil War The civil war that followed lasted from 1642 to 1651. Like the Fronde that occurred about the same time in France, the English Civil War posed a major challenge to absolutism. But while the forces of royal power won in France, in England the forces of revolution triumphed.

The English Civil War Civil War lasted 1642 to 1651 Cavaliers and Roundheads Cavaliers- supporters of Charles I Roundheads supporters of Parliament and Oliver Cromwell Execution of the King 1649- King executed Shocked other European Monarchs

The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell led parliamentary forces in the English Civil War.

Cromwell and the Commonwealth After the execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords, and established the Church of England. It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.

Cromwell and the Commonwealth England Became a Republic Challenges to the Commonwealth Cromwell crushed opposition Ireland? Levellers Became virtual dictator England Under the Puritans Puritan rules took over in the meantime Laws to enforce religion Examples page 448 Puritan Rule Ends Cromwell dies 1658 People tired of Puritans New Parliament restores Charles II

Cromwell and the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell held power in England during the "kingless decade" from 1649 until his death in 1658.

Cromwell and the Commonwealth The Puritans sought societal and moral reforms. How did Puritans feel about education?

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution In late May 1660, cheering crowds welcomed Charles II back to London. An observer described the celebration as a triumph. This day came in his Majesties Charles the Second to London after a sad, and long Exile . . . with a Triumph of above 20,000 horse and [soldiers], brandishing their swords, and shouting with inexpressible joy; the [ways strewn] with flowers, the bells ringing, the streets hung with [tapestry].

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution A Popular King Reduced restrictions Opened taverns Opened theaters The Glorious Revolution James II, Charles brother takes over after his death Catholic Ticked off English Protestants James Protestant Daughter Mary and Dutch Protestant Husband William III land with Army and take over country without a fight The English Bill of Rights Had to sign ensuring the superiority of Parliament Covered many basic rights Power of the Purse A Limited Monarchy England now a limited Monarchy

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution Crowds welcomed Charles II back after the monarchy was restored.

From Restoration to Glorious Revolution A common protest during the American Revolution was "no taxation without representation." Which outcome in England influenced that idea?

England’s Constitutional Government Evolves In the century following the Glorious Revolution, three new political institutions arose in Britain: political parties, the cabinet, and the office of prime minister. The appearance of these institutions was part of the evolution of Britain’s constitutional government—that is, a government whose power is defined and limited by law.

England’s Constitutional Government Evolves Political Parties Tories- old traditions Whigs- backed ideals of Glorious Revolution The Cabinet System Parliamentary Advisors to the king The Prime Minister Head of cabinet Rule by an Oligarchy Govt controlled mostly by landholding aristocrats

England’s Constitutional Government Evolves Which house of Parliament was elected by voters? What impact do parliamentary elections have on the selection of the Prime Minister?

Quiz: Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament What was the main reason Elizabeth I worked with Parliament? A. She rejected the notion of divine right. B. She needed to raise funds. C. She wanted Parliament to approve her royal marriage. D. She wanted to be popular with her subjects.

Quiz: Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament Which of the following was a provision of the Petition of Right? A. Parliament had the right to appoint the king’s successors. B. The king could not marry without Parliament’s permission. C. The king could not levy taxes without Parliament’s permission. D. Catholics and dissenters had the right to practice their religion freely.

Quiz: The English Civil War What was one result of the English Civil War? A. Parliament was disbanded. B. Cromwell organized the New Model Army. C. Charles I was executed. D. The Long Parliament began.

Quiz: Cromwell and the Commonwealth What was one result of Puritan rule in England? A. Cromwell was eventually overthrown. B. All religions except Puritanism were banned. C. The poor gained a greater voice in Parliament. D. More people learned to read and write.

Quiz: From Restoration to Glorious Revolution Which of the following was a significant result of the Glorious Revolution? A. English kings lost all their power. B. England became a limited monarchy. C. The theaters were reopened in England. D. Parliament accepted the divine right of kings.

Quiz: England’s Constitutional Government Evolves Which of the following was a chief characteristic of Britain’s constitutional government in the 1700s? A. voting rights for all citizens B. elimination of the monarchy C. a cabinet system D. suppression of religious dissent