Carbon Cycle Observations and Instrumentation

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Presentation transcript:

Carbon Cycle Observations and Instrumentation Britton Stephens, EOL and TIIMES

Carbon Cycle Observations and Instrumentation Measurements: Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (CME ’04-’08) Airborne Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (ACME ’04) NACP Mid-continent Intensive (ACME-MINT ’07) Regional Atmospheric Continuous CO2 Network (RACCOON) HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO ’08) Instrument Developments: Autonomous Inexpensive Robust CO2 Analyzer (AIRCOA) Difference Frequency Generation 13C Instrument Community Airborne Oxygen Instrument Britton Stephens, EOL and TIIMES

Background CO2 measurements define global trends and loosely constrain continental-scale fluxes TransCom 3 Study Fluxes 2 1 -1 -2 60 30 -30 -60 Expected from fossil fuel emissions Billion $ Pg C / yr

Uncertainty in Regional to Continental-scale estimates: Scaling up from local measurements and scaling down from global constraints Lack of CO2 observations over the continents Atmospheric transport model limitations and errors Approaches: Improving bottom-up methods Improving top-down constraints Multiple tracer techniques Intensive campaigns Retrieved flux versus model “rectifier”

Half or more of US NEE may be in mountainous regions % NPP = Net Primary Production (photosynthesis) NEE = Net Ecosystem Exchange (photosynthesis – respiration)

Airborne Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (ACME-04) All flights: Transport Predictions and CO2 Profiles for July 29, 2004 First-Order Regional CO2 Flux Estimates

[J. Sun and S. Burns, MMM]

Autonomous, Inexpensive, Robust CO2 Analyzer (AIRCOA) 0.1 ppm precision and 0.1 ppm reproducibility on a 2.5 min. measurement $10K in parts and operates autonomously for months at a time

CO2 Concentration in the Outer Damon Room, NCAR Mesa Lab, 2/7 – 2/9/06 CCSM Climate Working Group Board of Trustees Reception National Science Board Breakfast ASP Reviews

Regional Atmospheric Continuous CO2 Network in the Rocky Mountains (Rocky RACCOON) Existing and Planned NACP CO2 Sites Existing () and Planned (O) Sites Potential Future Sites (O) http://www.eol.ucar.edu/~stephens/RACCOON (courtesy S. Denning)

Additional AIRCOA and Related Deployments North America Rocky RACCOON, 6 sites (NCAR, CU, USFS, DRI, U. Utah) Mid-West, 6 sites (Penn State) Oregon, 1-2 sites (OSU) California, 1-2 sites (LBNL, DRI) Oklahoma, 1 site (Stanford) Europe France, 2 sites (CNRS, NCAR) Portugal , 1 site (IST, NCAR) Germany (U. Bonn, NCAR) Netherlands , 1 site (Alterra, NCAR) Africa South Africa (CU, CSU, Stanford, NCAR)

A Community Airborne Oxygen Instrument O2 versus CO2 measured during one month at Harvard Forest Precision equivalent to detecting removal of 1 O2 molecule from 2.5 million molecules of air in 4 s

HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations of Atmospheric Tracers HIPPO ’08 (PIs: Harvard, NCAR, Scripps, and NOAA): A global and seasonal survey of CO2, O2, CH4, CO, N2O, H2, SF6, COS, CFCs, HCFCs, O3, H2O, and hydrocarbons Fossil fuel CO2 gradients over the Pacific

NCAR CO2 and O2/N2 Calibration Facility