Mean Comparisons Between Latent Classes Do People Ruminate Differently? A Latent Profile Analysis of Rumination Facets Across College Students Matilyn R. Stocks1, Logan B. Morris1, Hannah C. Hammrick1, Adrian J. Bravo1, & James M. Henson1 1Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University Measures Research Questions Participants participated in our study by taking an online survey comprised of: General Inventory of Lasting Leadership (Ruppercht, Waldrop, & Grawitch, 2013) Modified so participants were asked the degree to which they agreed with statements about their personal religious leader (i.e., my religious leader…) In line with Spiritual Leadership Theory, assessed three subcomponents of leadership: inspiration, shared values and vision and mission Life Engagement Test (Scheier, 2006) Assessed purpose in life Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-Revised Scale (CESD-R; Eaton, Smith, Ybarra, Muntaner, & Tien, 2004) Assessed participants’ depressive symptoms Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990) Assessed participants’ anxiety symptoms Results Class Solutions: Using the Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test, we found that a four-class solution fit optimally with distinct profiles (see figure) When comparing the 4-class solution to a latent trait model (i.e., one latent factor of rumination), the AIC and BIC are lower for the 4-class solution than the latent trait model; suggesting that a 4-class model fits significantly better than a single latent trait model Equality of Means: Every group significantly differed from each other on both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. The “high ruminators” group (Class 4) reporting the highest levels and the “low ruminators” (Class 1) group reporting the lowest levels The “average ruminators” (Class 2) was significantly better (i.e., lower depressive and anxiety symptoms) than the “counter-repetitive ruminators” group (Class 3) on these outcomes, but significantly worse than the “low ruminators” group We did not find any significant differences across the groups on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems The central research question focused on religiosity and its role as a moderator on the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol related problems Background Recent research of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire suggests there are four distinct subcomponents of rumination: problem focused, repetitive thoughts, counterfactual thinking, and anticipatory thoughts. Variable-centered analyses are dominant within the ruminative-health literature focusing on unique associations between a single facet of rumination and its outcomes. Variable-centered analyses may suggest limitations that rumination facets are not mutually exculsive of each other. Hypothesis When when controlling for alcohol consumption, individuals who were high in intrinsic religiosity would have a weaker relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol related problems high in intrinsic religiosity would have a weaker relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol related problems When controlling for alcohol consumption, individuals who were high in quest religiosity would have a stronger relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol-related problems Latent Profiles Conclusions Participants and Procedure Meaning Systems Framework posits that purpose in life is a protective factor against poor mental health Findings were consistent with Meaning Systems Framework, adding support to the impact that purpose in life has as a protective factor against depressive and anxiety symptoms Spiritual Leadership Theory posits that strong spiritual leadership results in an increase in spiritual well-being, which in turn leads to positive psychological well-being (Fry et al., 2011) Findings were consistent with Spiritual Leadership Theory suggesting that religious leaders play an important role in the mental heath of Christian college students, due to the fact that religious leadership may have a significant impact on Christian college students’ purpose in life, which may lead to improved psychological health outcomes Implications This preliminary study suggests religious leadership as a construct that may enhance purpose in life among Christian college students An increase in purpose in life is of great importance for religious college students who do face religious struggles throughout their college experience which may lead to poor mental health (Stoppa & Lefkowitz, 2010; Hill & Pargament, 2008; Steger et al., 2010) Limitation Cross-sectional test of mediation prevents the demonstration of temporal precedence, which is required to make causal inferences Future Research Future intervention studies may focus on increasing purpose in life among religious college students For example, mindfulness has been shown to increase purpose in life among clinical, community, and college populations (Shapiro et al., 2006; Carmody et al., 2009; Pearson et al., 2014) Students were recruited through the SONA Experiment Management system at Old Dominion University. Students were granted research credit for their participation 403 Christian undergraduate students Student age: 18-52 years old, M =21.47 years old Student Gender: Male (n = 104), Female (n = 297) Student Race/ethnicity: White, non Hispanic (n = 180), Black/African American (n = 169), Latina/o (n = 17), Other/Mixed (n = 37) Student Christian Denomination: Catholic (n = 71), Baptist (n = 173), Methodist (n = 25), Churches of Christ (n = 5), Pentecostal/Charismatic (n = 32), Assemblies of God (n = 2), Presbyterian (n = 16), Other (n = 79) Mean Comparisons Between Latent Classes Note. Means sharing a subscript in a row indicate means that are not significantly different from each other Poster presented at the 28th Annual Convention for the Association of Psychological Science, Chicago, IL.