REGINA rosa BERYLLINDA Modelling Suitable Growing Habitat of Prunus africana in The Gulf of Guinea Countries Group: Felix ABAYOMI TROKON Grimes Intan EDHITYA REGINA rosa BERYLLINDA

INTRODUCTION: Prunus africana * *) Montane forest: Rain forest in highland

INTRODUCTION: Prunus africana Data/Map: External Source of IUCN http://declaration.forestlegality.org

INTRODUCTION: Prunus africana Harvesting bark for medicinal purpose Local use and trade of timber and bark Degradation and deforestation on mainly harvest area CITES LIST : Appendix II IUCN LIST : Vulnerable

INTRODUCTION: Prunus africana (Cunningham, 2008)

INTRODUCTION: Prunus africana Range States of Analysis (Gulf of Guinea Countries): Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon In Comparison to the Area of Distribution according to IUCN

OBJECTIVE of the Modelling Projects potential areas where Prunus africana can grow or areas where Prunus africana exists but have not been discovered yet in The Gulf of Guinea Countries

METHODOLOGY Analysing Spatial Data In The Range States Using Geographic Information System Modelling the Projection of Species Distribution Using MaxEnt Software

DATA This modelling was done based on the Countries of the Gulf of Guinea. Below are the Map of Africa and that of the Gulf of Guinea Countries with the Coordinates points in Green. (See next Slide) Fg.1. Map of Africa F.g.2. Map of Gulf of Guinea Countries

Tabel.1 Coordinates Data of Gulf of Guinea Countries Country X Y Senegal -14.6759 14.84037 Guinea -11.3478 11.15607 Cote D'ivoire -5.14547 8.02408 Ghana -1.06101 8.473213 Togo 1.056857 8.772345 Benin 2.569619 10.41306 Nigeria 7.41046 9.668266 Cameroon 12.40258 5.169163 Rep of Congo 16.18448 0.789153 Gabon 11.49492 -0.72357 Liberia -9.49466 6.523536 Sierra Leone -11.5369

Maxent model for Prunus africana The Forest Cover map was used to make the Maxent Model. The Asci file (.asc) was downloaded from earthexplorer.org into QGIS, wherein Various Terrain Analysis layers was Done as Shown Below: F.g.3. Forest Cover F.4. Forest Cover + Slopes

Maxent model for Prunus africana The Forest Cover map Terrain Analysis layers Continued: F.g.5. Forest Cover + Slopes + Aspect Ratio F.g.6. Forest Cover + Slopes + Aspect ratio + Hillside

Maxent model for Prunus africana The Forest Cover map Terrain Analysis layers Continued: F.g.7. Forest Cover + Slopes + Aspect ratio + Hillside + Contours F.g.8. Maxent Model

Picture of the model This is a representation of the Maxent model for Prunus africana. The coordinates of the area Linked with Red Colour lines show areas suitable growing habitat conditions within the Gulf of Guinea Countries. F.g.9. Area of Suitable Growing Habitats (In the Red Triangle)

Countries Suitable for Prunus africana with the Gulf of Guinea From this Maxent model for Prunus africana, we can thus suggest that following countries of the Gulf of Guinea have suitable growing habitat. Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria , Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.

Other Relevant Maps of Africa (All Supporting the Maxent Model Above) F.g.10. Mean Annual Rainfall F.g.11. Mean Annual Temperature

Other Relevant Maps of Africa (All Supporting the Ecology of Prunus africana & Maxent Model Above) F.g.12. Vegetation F.g.13. Altitude Topography

ANALYSIS AND RESULT From the Analysis and Results above, we can see that the conditions suitable for the growth of Prunus africana in established range states by IUCN; also exists in other states of the Gulf of Guinea F.g.14. Modelling Result

DISCUSSION Prunus africana has become an important source of livelihood for many communities in certain states in Afro-montane However, the fundamental threat to this species has been large-scale unsustainable harvesting in Afro-montane forests for international trade, resulting in the decrease of its population The inclusion of this species into CITES Appendix II has provide prospects for sustainable management plans of Prunus africana in range states

DISCUSSION It is important to define potential range states wherein the species can grow. Previous studies was able to determine certain potential area of the population distribution. The spatial data analysis (GIS) and MaxEnt software used in this modelling has been able to project wider scope of potential area of the population distribution by determining environmental variables which are influencing suitable growing habitat.

CONCLUSION Spatial data analysis and MaxEnt modelling has resulted potential growth of Prunus africana in Gulf of Guinea Countries as follow: Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria , Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Environmental variables influencing the growing habitat of Prunus africana are: temperature, rainfall, altitude, topography Recommendation: Support investment for management conservation and forest plantation in the range states Support better protection of the species by CITES

REFERRENCES Clemente-Muñoz, M.A., et.al., Evaluation of the Harvest of Prunus africana Bark on Bioko (Equatorial Guinea): Guidelines for A Management Plan, University of Cordoba, Cordoba: 2016, p. 53-54 Hall, J.B., et.al., Ecology in Biology, Chapter 2: 3-25 in Prunus africana: a Monograph, School of Agricultural and Forest Scientist Publication Number 18, University of Wales, Bangor: 2000, p.104 www.iucnredlist.org http://declaration.forestlegality.org www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov www.worldclim.org

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