Tools of Science (Chapter 1)

Student Learning Objectives Develop analytical skills to evaluate and interpret measurements used in the scientific method. Differentiate between science and non-science (pseudoscience) Apply the scientific method Master use of metric system Convert from English to metric units Create and interpret graphs

What is science? Science is not simply a collection of facts, but rather an objective process of quantifying what we observe. The outcomes of science are laws and theories with repeatable results. Tested Verified

Practice 1) What are some examples of science? 2) What are some products of science?

Observation  Hypothesis/Prediction  Experiment  Theory  Law How is science done? Each scientist must be able to obtain the same results. Example: Setting Sun Observation  Hypothesis/Prediction  Experiment  Theory  Law

Questions to Consider 1) What is the goal of science?    2) What do you think happens if scientists cannot obtain the same results? 3) Can the scientific method be used to answer all questions?   4) What is pseudoscience?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U04nHNUMfPA

What is the measurement system used in science? Standard units in science utilize the metric system. Factors of 10 Changes = moving decimal Measurements are Objective

(Divide by 10’s) (Multiply by 10’s)

Unit Multiple Conversions kilometer 1 km = 103 m 1 km = 1000 m centimeter 1 cm = 10−2 m 100 cm = 1 m millimeter 1 mm = 10−3 m 1000 mm = 1 m micron 1 mm = 10−6 m 1,000,000 mm = 1 m nanometer 1 nm = 10−9 m

Practice 1) How many centimeters are in 1 kilometer? 2)How many nanometers are in 2 centimeters? 3) A length of 5 millimeters would be what number of meters? 4) The average person is 75 kilograms. How many grams is this?

Measurements Length Area Volume m m2 m3 Length: 1 measurement (1D) Area: 2 measurements (2D) Volume: 3 measurements (3D)

Why are equations and units important in science? Equations show how quantities are related. F = ma Measurements and units describe the universe objectively. (quantitatively) Size of Desk d = rt 60

Units are the description of what was measured English vs Metric Units are the description of what was measured Common Measurement Metric Conversion mile 1 mile = 1609 meters inch 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters pound 0.2248 pound = 1 Newton

Practice A car on the freeway is traveling at 65 mph. How many km/hr is this? How many m/s is this? 2) A room measures 10 feet by 12 feet. How many square meters of carpet would be needed for this room? If the carpet is $15 per square meter, what would the carpet cost?

What do graphs show? Graphs show how data is related. Linear y = x

Quadratic y = x2 Inverse Square y = 1 x2

Practice Use the data to construct and interpret a graph. What is the relationship of the graph? How would you interpret the graph (what does it show)? Speed (mph) Time (sec) 15 1 28 2 47 3 62 4 78 5