GENI ‘Global Environment for Network Innovations’ Notes: Pleased to have this opportunity to share our thinking about GENI with you. This reflects thinking of the research community as well as thinking of CISE. Of course, if this doesn’t come across as compelling it is my fault -- I have to work extra hard to make this case.

Future Internet - A Lead-up to the NSF GENI Project amankin@nsf.gov www.geni.net Notes: Pleased to have this opportunity to share our thinking about GENI with you. This reflects thinking of the research community as well as thinking of CISE. Of course, if this doesn’t come across as compelling it is my fault -- I have to work extra hard to make this case.

About GENI ….a continental-scale, programmable, heterogeneous, networked system driving “clean-slate” future internet / communications research Mobile Wireless Network Sensor Network Edge Site Federated International Facility

GENI Organizations Major Research Equipment Facility Construction (MREFC) NSF Program Director GENI Chair Project Director GENI Science Council (GSC) GENI Project Office (GPO) Voice of research and education community Scientific leadership - evolution of Science Plan Define user allocations process & criteria Development of education & outreach plan Research infrastructure experience – software-intensive projects Experience with computing community Project management – MREFC process GPO is at BBN GENI Project Director is Chip Elliot

GENI To Date The community has engaged in concept development since 2004-2005 NSF CISE funding has supported Early concept development – GENI Planning Group Early prototype development Solicitation for proposals to establish GENI Project Office GENI Science Council was established in Spring of 2007 GENI Project Office was awarded to BBN in May 2007

Project Life Cycle Formal NSF process to be followed to qualify for budget consideration Preconstruction Planning - Three formal design stages, with well-defined interfaces Construction Operations

Project Lifecycle Construction Operations CDR FDR PDR GPO Award Period Conceptual Design Preliminary Final time Identify Project Office NSF will work collaboratively with the GPO and GSC to determine the dates of these reviews, required by the formal process, as the GENI community proceeeds in planning process.

Internet Futures – An Ecosystem Digital Living Edges Networked Embedded Critical Infrastructure Data Grid E-science Language Content Centric Networked Sensors Responsive environment Service Oriented Evolvability Capabilities Security Robustness Mobility Ubiquity Autonomicity DTN Privacy-enabling MAN Location-aware Circuit Networks FTTH Routed Wireless Switch VPN Packet Wireless Router WDM Optical Actuators Sensors Communications Research and development for the future of the Internet takes place in an ecosystem of needs, capabilities and technology developments. So what do we expect from the underlying network and distributed systems infrastructure? Computing Displays Cluster Computing Multicore Radios Optical Storage Memory Devices Antenna PIC Laser Optical Fiber Transistor MEMS Codes Basic Science Organic Semi C-nanotube Quantum crypto Mathematics Materials Nanotechnology Physics

GENI: The Facility Native Access for ~ 200 Universities GENI is in Early Planning, But Some Requirements Have Become Clear A Continent-Scale, Evolvable, Optical Substrate Native Access for ~ 200 Universities Native Access Will Be Considered for Non-Academic Sites Wireless networks Characteristics of Interest Include: Location Awareness, High Mobility, End-Users. Support of Sensor Internet and Other Edge Research Partnerships and Federations Federation of GENI on International Scale Expected We Expect This Will Associate With NSF’s International Connections Program We Have Had Discussions About Facilities With GENI-like Qualities in the EU, Japan, Korea, China, Latin America and the United Arab Emirates We Welcome Discussions GENI must meet requirements of research agendas emerging from the ecosystem shown before. This research agenda is developed by the GENI Science Council. The manner in which the requirements are expressed by a facility design are determined collaboratively by the GSC and the GPO (in consultation with NSF).

Activities GENI Science Council GENI Project Office Co-Chaired by Scott Shenker, UCB, and Ellen Zegura, Georgia Tech Information in GSC area of GENI.net website GENI Project Office Facility Working Groups Have Open Participation – See Charters and Other Information Now Available in Working Groups Area of GENI.net website First GENI Engineering Conference (GEC) Will Be Held October 9-11, Minneapolis – Call For Participation and Open Registration on www.geni.net During the present period, NSF is pleased to have broad community participation in understanding of both the research agenda for GENI and the designs for the facility that will support this research. Working Groups at the GPO will participate in spiral design, so that their work tracks (in a disciplined way) to the requirements from the research agenda, as they become known.

Modalities RFID Left Hand Retinal Implant WIFAN SENSOR

A view of innovation Design and trial without roadblocks – clean-slate Novel distributed systems, services or support Cross-cutting protocols Large View Applications And user requirements Current network roadblocks Disruptive technologies Network capabilities Clearly the world will be materially different in terms of emerging technologies and type of applications that they would enable and the type of capabilities we would required from the underlying networking and communication infrastructure. This combined with the Internet architectural limitations and its ossification forces us to ask the questions -- should we be thinking about new paradigms, new Internet architectures, and services? Given NSF’s mission and given research community interests, answer is of course yes… New paradigms?? o different building block than datagram packet? o information dissemination as the fundamental service and that should decide the fundamental building block -- maybe digital objects o creating customized group communication networks on demand, that is, customized overlay networks on demand o and maybe others Around a new paradigm, we need to invent and design new network and protocol architectures and distributed systems and services infrastructure. Please note that is what FIND Program is all about -- Clean-slate -- get the research community in a different mind set -- liberate the thinking from the constraints of Internet. I want to mention that there are research teams that have already advocated clean-slate designs -- for example 100x100 project among CMU, Stanford, and Rice. Similarly NewArch project had also posed this question. And there are others. Design and trial without roadblocks – clean-slate

NSF CISE Future Internet Research NeTS FIND: Future Internet Design CyberTrust Clean-slate secured network arch CSR New distributed system capabilities CCF Scientific Foundations for Internet Next Generation (SING) CRI Network infrastructure for arch research MRI Network instruments for arch research … Experimental Facility to Validate Research GENI

FIND www.nets-find.net has much material, including full descriptions of projects White paper program Rolling requests for researchers with funding on architectural, big picture research Clean-slate Join collaborative program with other researchers See the web site for more information on white papers

What is GENI? GENI will be a full-scale programmable facility for research into the future internet Focus: whatever experiments researchers need to create, test and evaluate the high impact new ideas Clean-slate approach, Opportunity for: Unencumbered starting points Novel architectures and big picture Strong coupling with technology drivers of futures Mobile wireless Novel optical substrate capability

GENI Design: Building Blocks Three major components Physical network ‘substrate’ expandable collection of building block components federate Software control & management framework knits building blocks together into a coherent facility embeds ‘slices’ in the physical substrate Operational control (GENI management) is distinct from experiment control Components design, build, operate, iterate in modules, throughout lifecycle

GENI Design – Fully Programmable Routing/Switching Nodes Clean-slate for architecture and protocol research Slicing/Virtualization of Physical “Substrate” Concurrent exploration of a broad range of experimental networks (including edge resources such as clusters) Guaranteed resources, interference free will be available Instrumented resources Fully Measure experimental behavior Interconnect GENI and the commodity internet Users and applications can “opt-in” to GENI There will be access to both “customers” for novel long-lived services and to “populations” of real users Flexible and Phased Design To support new technology introduction throughout GENI lifetime See A Tale of Two GENI’s on GENI.net site!

Slicing and Virtualization Sensor substrate Fixed nodes Mobile wireless substrate(s) Conceptual framework to show how o multiple network arhictectures can be supported on a single physical infrastructure o user opt-in can work To overcome the testbed dilemma

Federation Example Federated International Facility Conceptual framework to show how o multiple network arhictectures can be supported on a single physical infrastructure o user opt-in can work To overcome the testbed dilemma

Programmability Basic Approach All network elements are programmable via open interfaces and downloadable user code Uniform control and management architecture across all components – access node, core node, wireless… GENI Control & Management Plane API Programmable Edge Node Programmable Sensor Platform Open API Radio platform Programmable core Node

Wireless Substrate Considerations (presented to MobOpts RG July 25 2007)

NSF Wireless Testbed Experience Programmable wireless and sensor network testbeds were developed in earlier NSF progams ORBIT for evaluation of wireless network protocols CitySense, Kansei open programmable sensor net testbeds Coming this year: open underwater net These open testbeds offer shared use and programmable layer 2/layer 3 protocols but full future internet impact needs full scale ORBIT Radio Grid Emulator ORBIT Field Trial Network Harvard/BBN CitySense deployment plan

Candidate GENI Wireless: Dealing with Heterogeneity This is the prototype design - a candidate platform Single wireless GENI node architecture that covers different wireless device and network element needs: Standard set of CPU platforms with different size/performance Multiple radio cards as “plug-in” – easy to change radios, upgrade Linux OS with appropriate “open API” drivers GENI M&C (“GMC”) Linux OS Linux OS w/ GENI control Control Module Plug-In radio modules (evolving technology,..) Processor Chassis with appropriate size/performance (sensor GW, mobile node, ad hoc router, AP, BTS…) End-user Wireless Devices (commercial sensors, phones, PDA’s, laptops) With GENI opt-in? Wireless GENI Network Elements All components also available as wireless kits

GENI Candidate: Programmable, Cognitive Radios Several experimental programmable radio platforms under development for wireless network research… WARP programmable radio, GNU radio, KU agile radio & near-future cognitive radios, …. Key issue: open software API’s and protocol stacks for full control of physical and link/MAC layers GNU Software Radio KU Agile Radio Lucent/WINLAB Cognitive Radio 802.11 AP Rice “WARP” board

Some Ongoing Discussions How do we do systems engineering and planning for fast evolving radio / wireless substrates? How much can radio / wireless be virtualized? GENI performance in general? How much scale-down is acceptable per element? How can a project/experiment buy better performance fidelity, and how much? Missing key radio (and optical, other physical) Areas? Optical access networks? Wireless over fiber? Quantum Cryptography?

GENI Success Scenarios (many alternatives) Internet evolution influenced by clean-slate approach Architectures achieve fundamental progress in challenge areas such as security New services and applications enabled Alternate Internet architecture emerges Virtualization becomes the norm with plurality of architectures Single new architecture from the research enabled by GENI emerges and dominates Alternative infrastructure becomes the mainstream over time Many other payoffs, including unanticipated and high risk

Extra - Scope of GENI Optical Research? Tight Integration of Physical Layer with Higher Layers Provide Dynamic Optical Networking Plane Dynamic Optical Switching/Routing Fiber (Space) Switch (e.g. switch all WDM channels in a fiber) Wavelength Switching (e.g. ROADM) Sub-Wavelength Switching (circuit) - O/E/O Optical Burst/Packet Switching? All Optical Networking Combines Transmission Issues with Optical Switching/Routing Data Rates/Modulation Formats effect Network Design Control Plane / Management Optical Transmission? Higher Data Rates, Longer Transmission Distance, Modulation Formats Quantum Cryptography Optical Device Technologies?

Optical Device Technologies? Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) Very dense and inexpensive OEO (scaling & cost reduction) High Functionality PICs Silicon photonics Integration with electronics Manufacturing Infrastructure Sharing (scaling & cost reduction) Microstructured Optical Fibers Customizable optical properties (transmission/all optical networks) How would these breakthroughs change networking? More efficient transmission or fundamental paradigm shift? GOAL: Flexible GENI design to allow Introduction of New Technologies as they mature