Essay Writing Workshop Writing an Essay Essay Writing Workshop

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Today we will learn how to write an essay, step by step!

What is an Essay? An essay is an organized argument, divided neatly into paragraphs Essays must be clear, organized and easily understandable to those reading

What is the Purpose of an Essay? An essay is used to state and support an opinion with proof and explanation Essays can be used to persuade others to agree with your opinion

Why do we write five paragraph essays? The first paragraph is an introductory paragraph The middle three paragraph are the body paragraphs The last paragraph is the concluding paragraph

5 Paragraph Essay Structure

1. Introductory Paragraph 2. Body paragraph 1 3. Body paragraph 2 4. Body paragraph 3 5. Concluding paragraph

Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph states and explains a different point to help you prove your opinion An opinion is always stronger when it has more supporting facts (proof)

Fact is a true statement Opinion Fact is a true statement Facts can be supported, upheld and proven by evidence An opinion is one individual’s personal belief on a subject Everyone is welcome to have an opinion, but not every opinion is based on fact Opinions can be based on what a person has heard from others, and is therefore subject to bias

Fact is Stronger than Opinion For this reason, make sure that you phrase and word your essays as if they are FACT, not simply OPINION

How will learning how to write an essay help me in the future? Each Academic/University level English course contains a unit on essay writing You need to write an essay on the OSSLT (Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test), and you need to pass the literacy test to graduate high school How will learning how to write an essay help me in the future?

Essay and Paragraph Structure Introduction Paragraph Body Paragraph #1 Body Paragraph # 2 Body Paragraph # 3 Concluding Paragraph

Introduction Paragraph Broad Statement or Hook Introduce topic Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3 The Point The thesis Introduction Paragraph

Introductory Paragraph Hook Begin with a Hook to capture your reader’s attention It is a general sentence about your topic. Introduce Topic Introduce the topic, the author and the title of the play **Hint use the essay question to guide you** Three reasons The next sentence should list your three supporting arguments for the essay. (These are your body paragraphs) THESIS The Thesis The main point you are trying to prove

Introductory Paragraph Hook Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Introduce Topic Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. Three reasons A) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot B) Disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play C) Disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities THESIS Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. A) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot B) Disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play C) Disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities Thesis Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

Paragraph Format Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot, create humour and allow characters to explore different class and gender identities. Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

Body Paragraphs Each of the three body paragraphs deals with one of the three reasons/proofs Always remember to present them in the same order: B,A,C Reason/Proof A should always be your weakest argument Reason/Proof C should always be your strongest argument

Point, Proof & Explanation x3 Topic Sentence A strong topic sentence clearly outlining the main argument. Give a blueprint of your main 3 arguments. Point, Proof & Explanation x3 Reasons, Evidence and Explanation are used to prove your argument. Point, Proof, Comment x3! Use transition words to organize your points Concluding sentence Restate your main argument, and summarize conclusions you’ve drawn

Evidence (PROOF) and Explanation Topic Sentence (POINT) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night. Evidence (PROOF) and Explanation In Act 3 scene 4 Antonio mistakes Cesario for his friend Sebastian Antonio feels betrayed by his friend:“Will you deny me now?/Is’t possible that my deserts to you/Can lack persuasion?” (3.4.334-336) If Viola was not in disguise, Antonio would not mistake her for his friend Sebastian. Mistaken identity causes confusion between Antonio and Viola. Viola’s disguise as a man is the driving force of conflict within this scene. Concluding sentence Therefore, disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night as they cause confusion between characters and create conflict in the plot.

Paragraph Format Point: Firstly, disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night.   Proof: In Act 3 scene 4 Antonio mistakes Cesario for his friend Sebastian. Since Viola is disguised as a man and looks like her twin Sebastian, Antonio easily mistakes the two characters. Antonio sees who he believes to be Sebastian in the midst of a duel and offers to fight on his friend’s behalf. Viola does not recognize Antonio and is confused as to why this stranger is fighting for her. Although Viola is grateful, she is confused when Antonio asks Cesario to return his purse he left Sebastian. Quotation: Antonio feels hurt and betrayed and asks his friend “Will you deny me now?/Is’t possible that my deserts to you/Can lack persuasion?” (3.4.334-336). Explanation: Antonio has done a lot for Sebastian since arriving in Illyria. He rescues Sebastian from the shipwreck, stays with him in Illyria despite the dangers and gives Sebastian money. When Cesario does not recognize Antonio it creates conflict between Cesario and Antonio. Antonio feels hurt and betrayed while Viola is confused as she does not understand what is going on. If Viola was not in disguise, Antonio would not mistake her for his friend Sebastian. Mistaken identity causes confusion between Antonio and Viola. Viola’s disguise as a man is the driving force of conflict within this scene. Concluding sentence: Therefore, disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night as they cause confusion between characters and create conflict in the plot.

Transition words between points Firstly, disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night. Secondly, disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play. Lastly, disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities.

Concluding Paragraph Concluding Paragraph Restate thesis Restate your three points Finish with a broad concluding sentence about the topic

Finish with a broad concluding sentence about your topic in general Thesis Begin by restating your thesis or the point you have proven in your essay Points The next sentence should restate your three supporting arguments: B, A, C Concluding sentence Finish with a broad concluding sentence about your topic in general

Thesis Points Concluding sentence Therefore, disguises and costumes are used throughout William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night and are crucial components in the play. Points Disguises and costumes cause mistaken identity within the play causing confusion between characters and creating conflict in the plot. Also, disguises and costumes add humour in the play in particular through dramatic irony. Finally, through disguises and costumes characters in the play are permitted to explore gender and class categories which they would otherwise not be permitted to do. Concluding sentence Disguises and costumes are used throughout the play Twelfth Night and are crucial to the entertainment of the play.

Paragraph Format Therefore, disguises and costumes are used throughout William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night and are crucial components in the play. Disguises and costumes cause mistaken identity within the play causing confusion between characters and creating conflict in the plot. Also, disguises and costumes add humour in the play in particular through dramatic irony. Finally, through disguises and costumes characters in the play are permitted to explore gender and class categories which they would otherwise not be permitted to do. Disguises and costumes are used throughout the play Twelfth Night and are crucial to the entertainment of the play.

Tips for Writing Formal Essays Use the writing process to ensure your ideas are well developed and articulated Avoid using vague language (be specific) Avoid informalities (I, you, we, us,) and contractions (couldn’t, don’t) & slang Do NOT simply summarize your novel/play (assume that whoever is reading knows the novel/play well)

Tips for Writing Formal Essays In your body paragraph, be as specific as possible when explaining and supporting your evidence and quotations NEVER bring up new information in your closing paragraph Write in present tense

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Introductory Paragraph Introductory Paragraph and Thesis Statement The first sentence [or two] in your introductory paragraph should always be a hook sentence to get your audience interested in reading your essay. The next sentence should list your three reasons/proofs. These should be ordered from weakest to strongest (or at least important to most important) to make sure the audience want s to keep reading your essay. The thesis statement is the most important part of your essay. It is a specific statement that expresses your opinion about a topic without using the words “I believe” or “I think” Your thesis statement should only be one sentence long Your thesis statement is always the last sentence of your introductory paragraph

Introductory Paragraph Sample Introductory Paragraph Topic: Mandatory Civil Service for all Canadians in their eighteenth year. Reasons/Proofs: Already exists in many other countries around the world In this economy, it is a good way to get some job experience A good way for Canadians to do something worthwhile for their country Introductory Paragraph: The topic of civil service is not one that enters the mind of many teenagers as they approach the time at which they are required to make those life altering decisions that affect everyone. However, there are many benefits to considering this issue. Mandatory civil service at the age of eighteen is an admirable idea because [A] it already exists in many countries around the world, [B] it would allow teenagers to gain valuable job experience and [C] it is an excellent way for individuals to do something worthwhile for their country. For these reasons, [Thesis statement] civil service should be mandatory for all Canadians in their eighteenth year.

Essay Question One of the social elements William Shakespeare explores in Twelfth Night is the issue of just and fair treatment of others. Consider Sir Toby and his treatment of other characters in the play. Using three specific examples from the play, argue whether or not Sir Toby treats other characters fairly or if he takes advantage of the relationships and interactions he has with others.

Brainstorm: Broad Statement: Introduce Topic*use the essay question to guide you*: Reasons/Proofs A) B) C) Thesis:

Introductory Paragraph

The Body Paragraphs The Body Paragraphs The body of an essay contains three paragraphs. Each paragraph deals with one of the three reasons/proofs from your introductory paragraph. Remember, you must always keep your reasons/proofs in the same order. Therefore, write about them in the same order as you did in the introductory paragraph. At the beginning of each body paragraph, use a transition word to remind the reader which paragraph they’re reading. At the beginning if the first paragraph, use the word “First” or “Firstly” At the beginning of the second paragraph, use the word “Second” or “Secondly” At the beginning of the third paragraph, use the word “Third”, “Thirdly”, or “Finally”.

Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph should follow the structure bellow: Sentence #1 Topic sentence stating the Reason/Proof dealt with in the paragraph Sentence #2 Offer a piece of evidence to support your reason/proof Middle Sentences In your own words, explain how your evidence supports or proves the reason/proof Last sentence Concluding sentences summarizing the paragraph’s reason/proof and connecting it back to the thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs Brainstorming: Topic Sentence #1 Concluding Sentence #1 Topic Sentence #2 Concluding Sentence #2

Body Paragraphs Topic Sentence #3  Concluding Sentence #3

Concluding Paragraph First Sentence The first sentence in your concluding paragraph should restate the thesis statement. DO NOT repeat the thesis exactly the same way you stated it in the introductory paragraph. Never begin your concluding paragraph with, “In this essay, I have proven that…” Middle Sentences Rephrase (but DO NOT copy) the three reasons/proofs. If the reasons/proofs are short and brief, this can be accomplished in one sentence. Otherwise, restate each in its own sentence, each beginning with an appropriate transition word/statements.

Concluding Paragraph Last sentence Finish your essay with a profound general statement that leaves your audience thinking about the point of your essay. This may take more than one sentence. Never, never, never, even in your wildest dreams, in spite of peer pressure, introduce new information in the concluding paragraph

Concluding Paragraph There are several different reasons why compulsory civil service for all eighteen-year-old Canadians is a beneficial idea. First, many other successful countries in the world already do it, so Canada can look to their examples. Secondly, young Canadians would have the opportunity to gain valuable job experience for themselves, often doing things that they would never be able to do in their hometowns. Lastly, it would give Canadians the chance to contribute to the development of their country. Given our freedoms and lifestyle opportunities, it only makes sense to give something back to the country that makes it all possible. It is an easy concept to understand, and on that can make a world of a difference.

Concluding Paragraph Brainstorming: First Sentence: (Restate Thesis) Middle Sentences: rephrase Reasons/Proofs A) B) C) Last Sentence: Profound general statement

Concluding Paragraph

And that is how it is done!