Chapter 7 The Cell Basic unit of life. Come from pre-existing cells. Organelles-Act like little organs of a cell Shape tells function 2 Types of Cells

Prokaryotic Cells Smaller No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Bacteria Blue-Green Algae Archaea Binary Fission

Prokaryotes Streptococcus pyogenes, Anabaena, and Methanogens

Eukaryotic Cells Larger Nucleus Membrane-bound organelles All other life: (Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists)

Eukaryotes Cougars, Eastern Red Cedar, Bread Mold, and Amoeba proteus

Organelles Common to All Cells Plasma Membrane-Boundary between cell and environment. Homeostasis Semi-Permeable Phospholipids Bilayer

Cytoplasm All material inside cells Holds organelles Mostly water

Ribosomes Protein Synthesis

Other Organelles Nucleus-Brain of cell/controls all cell activities. Cell division. Chromatin-DNA spread out in nucleus Nucleolus-Dark spot. Makes ribosomes.

Plasmids Circular DNA Prokaryotes

Mitochondria Cellular Respiration (plants and animals) “Powerhouse” of cell Uses oxygen to turn food (glucose) into energy Has DNA

Chloroplast Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll Has DNA Only Plant Cells

Vacuole Storage Giant water bubble Plant cells Contractile Vacuole

Contractile Vacuole Water balance ( some animal cells ex. Paramecium)

Eyespot Sensitive to light (Euglena)

Movement Flagella Cilia

Pseudopods Extension of cytoplasm (Amoeba)

Cell Wall Thick, rigid border around cell membrane. Plant Cells, fungi and Prokaryotes only Maintains shape/structure Plants-Cellulose Fungi-Chitin

Adaptive Behavior Chemotaxis-Attraction to chemicals Phototaxis-Attraction to light