Chapter 7 The Cell Basic unit of life. Come from pre-existing cells. Organelles-Act like little organs of a cell Shape tells function 2 Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells Smaller No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Bacteria Blue-Green Algae Archaea Binary Fission
Prokaryotes Streptococcus pyogenes, Anabaena, and Methanogens
Eukaryotic Cells Larger Nucleus Membrane-bound organelles All other life: (Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists)
Eukaryotes Cougars, Eastern Red Cedar, Bread Mold, and Amoeba proteus
Organelles Common to All Cells Plasma Membrane-Boundary between cell and environment. Homeostasis Semi-Permeable Phospholipids Bilayer
Cytoplasm All material inside cells Holds organelles Mostly water
Ribosomes Protein Synthesis
Other Organelles Nucleus-Brain of cell/controls all cell activities. Cell division. Chromatin-DNA spread out in nucleus Nucleolus-Dark spot. Makes ribosomes.
Plasmids Circular DNA Prokaryotes
Mitochondria Cellular Respiration (plants and animals) “Powerhouse” of cell Uses oxygen to turn food (glucose) into energy Has DNA
Chloroplast Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll Has DNA Only Plant Cells
Vacuole Storage Giant water bubble Plant cells Contractile Vacuole
Contractile Vacuole Water balance ( some animal cells ex. Paramecium)
Eyespot Sensitive to light (Euglena)
Movement Flagella Cilia
Pseudopods Extension of cytoplasm (Amoeba)
Cell Wall Thick, rigid border around cell membrane. Plant Cells, fungi and Prokaryotes only Maintains shape/structure Plants-Cellulose Fungi-Chitin
Adaptive Behavior Chemotaxis-Attraction to chemicals Phototaxis-Attraction to light