CELLS

UNICELLULAR A single cell that carries out all life processes. Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena

MULTICELLULAR Made of many cells that work together to carry out all life processes Ex. Animals, Plants, most Fungi

CELL THEORY All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure Cells are the basic unit of function Cells come from pre-existing cells

EXCEPTIONS TO THE CELL THEORY Where did the first cell come from??? Viruses Not made of cells Contain genetic material Can’t survive on their own (need a host) Mitochondria & Chloroplasts Contain some genetic material Can “reproduce” inside a cell without the whole cell reproducing

TWO KINDS OF CELLS Prokaryotic Eukaryotic No nucleus Smaller Less complex No membrane-bound organelles DNA floats freely in cytoplasm Ex. Bacteria Eukaryotic Has nucleus which contains DNA Larger More complex Many different organelles Ex. Amoeba, Plants, Animals

CELL MEMBRANE Regulates what comes into and goes out of cell It is SELECTIVELY-PERMEABLE “Chooses” what it lets in and out Some molecules are too large to fit Some molecules are toxic to the cell Made of lipids and proteins Officially a “lipid bi-layer” (ooo, fancy…)

CYTOPLASM Liquid part of cell Involved in transport Moving materials around inside a cell is cyclosis Site of chemical reactions

NUCLEUS Directs cell activities Contains the DNA Nucleolus is found within the nucleus it makes RNA

RIBOSOMES Where protein is made Can be free floating in cell or attached to the E.R.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transports materials throughout the cell Rough ER Has ribosomes Smooth ER No ribosomes

CHLOROPLASTS In PLANTS Site of photosynthesis Chloroplasts absorb energy from the sun in order to combine CO2 and H2O to make food for the cell

MITOCHONDRIA Makes ENERGY for the cell Aerobic respiration takes place here Remember: ENERGY = ATP

GOLGI BODIES/APPARATUS/COMPLEX Packages and ships materials for the cell Think of it as UPS or Fed. Ex. for the cell

VACUOLE Storage Contractile Vacuole Stores water, food and waste Found in unicellular organisms Pumps out excess water

LYSOSOME Breaks down materials Contains digestive enzymes

CENTRIOLES Only in ANIMAL cells Help chromosomes split during cell division

CELL WALL Support and protection for PLANT cells Made of cellulose

CYTOSKELETON Made of protein Provide support to cell

CILIA Hair-like microtubules that provide locomotion. Ex. Paramecium have cilia.

FLAGELLA Whip-like tail that provides locomotion Ex. Sperm have a flagella

TRANSPORT IN CELLS Diffusion = PASSIVE TRANSPORT Movement of materials from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration. Little/No energy required

Osmosis Diffusion of water

Active Transport Requires energy Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Cells “eating” Pinocytosis Cells “drinking”